T2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are more variable, depending on the degree of mineralization, although the most common pattern (77% of cases) reveals low to intermediate signal intensity with T1 weighting and very high signal intensity with T2 weighting with hypointense calcifications (Radiographics 2007;27:1465) CT scans shows well circumscribed, hyperdense lesion in the subcutaneous tissue, sometimes intramuscular (Am J Case Rep 2020;21:e921447, Cureus 2017;9:e1124, Virchows Arch 2021;478:527) MRI: usually contains low signal internal strands, heterogeneous on contrast, commonly enhanced, isointense or hypointense to subcutaneous fat, hyperintense The uterus is an extraperitoneal hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ of the female reproductive tract that lies in the lesser pelvis. Proteinaceous fluid includes mucin, pus, and colloid in adnexal lesions. CT: variably dense lesion; highlights local extent of mass (Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020;302:219) MRI: hyperintense T2 signal and hypointense T1 signal; highlights local infiltration (J Lab Physicians 2018;10:245, Arch Gynecol Obstet The size of the lesions with FDG uptake (26.5 mm) was significantly larger than those without uptake (11.8 mm). Prostatitis is a clinical diagnosis and imaging is useful to evaluate abscess formation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are more variable, depending on the degree of mineralization, although the most common pattern (77% of cases) reveals low to intermediate signal intensity with T1 weighting and very high signal intensity with T2 weighting with hypointense calcifications (Radiographics 2007;27:1465) 95% of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop from the acini of the prostatic ducts 15.They arise in the posterior/peripheral (70%) prostate gland more commonly than in the anterior gland and central zone (30%) 21. Endometrial hyperplasia is an abnormal proliferation of the endometrial glands and stroma, defined as diffuse smooth thickening >10 mm 13. Subserosal uterine leiomyoma is a subtype of uterine leiomyoma that often exophytically projects outwards from a subserosal location. While its exact definition may vary, a leiomyoma is often called subserosal if >50% of the fibroid T2. A 3-mm rim of circumferential low T2-weighted signal intensity cervical stroma (the hypointense rim sign) has been found to be 96%99% specific in excluding parametrial invasion at MRI . Prostatitis is a clinical diagnosis and imaging is useful to evaluate abscess formation. Prostatitis refers to an infection or inflammation of the prostate gland that presents as several syndromes with varying clinical features. typically hypointense owing to the presence of deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin (shading sign), which is very suggestive of an endometrioma 3; T2 dark spot sign is specific for chronic hemorrhage and is helpful in diagnosing endometriomas 9; old hemorrhage occasionally appears hyperintense; DWI/ADC. MRI: hypointense on T1 weighted imaging and hyperintense on T2 weighted sequences; similar signal intensity to the spleen but less than liver cysts (World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:6354) MR cholangiography: identifies even smaller lesions that may not be evident on MR kidney, thyroid, oropharyngeal, melanoma, adrenal, and uterus. For a corpus luteal cyst 3 cm, no follow up is necessary 7. Prostatitis is a clinical diagnosis and imaging is useful to evaluate abscess formation. 48 year old man presented with patellar lesion (Skeletal Radiol 2020;49:1325) 53 year old man presented with white-yellow papules and plaques over his elbows, knees and arms (QJM 2016;109:811) 55 year old man presented with multiple asymptomatic nodules on hands, feet, soles and elbow joints (Dermatol Online J 2015;21:13030) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are more variable, depending on the degree of mineralization, although the most common pattern (77% of cases) reveals low to intermediate signal intensity with T1 weighting and very high signal intensity with T2 weighting with hypointense calcifications (Radiographics 2007;27:1465) Artifacts caused by an intervertebral implant are less pronounced in FSE/T2-sequence (A) than in GRE sequence (MERGE/2D, T2, ax B) at the operated level of C5/C6. Within the United States, during the Spring of 2020, New York City was hit early and hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. typically hypointense owing to the presence of deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin (shading sign), which is very suggestive of an endometrioma 3; T2 dark spot sign is specific for chronic hemorrhage and is helpful in diagnosing endometriomas 9; old hemorrhage occasionally appears hyperintense; DWI/ADC. 48 year old man presented with patellar lesion (Skeletal Radiol 2020;49:1325) 53 year old man presented with white-yellow papules and plaques over his elbows, knees and arms (QJM 2016;109:811) 55 year old man presented with multiple asymptomatic nodules on hands, feet, soles and elbow joints (Dermatol Online J 2015;21:13030) Each lesion can be scored 1-5 on DWI and on T2W, as well as by the absence or presence of dynamic contrast enhancement. The size of the lesions with FDG uptake (26.5 mm) was significantly larger than those without uptake (11.8 mm). Proteinaceous fluid is variable in signal intensity and can be variably hypointense on T2-weighted images and either hypointense or hyperintense on T1-weighted images. Proteinaceous fluid is variable in signal intensity and can be variably hypointense on T2-weighted images and either hypointense or hyperintense on T1-weighted images. When approaching a cystic-appearing lesion in the abdomen or pelvis, often in the pelvic peritoneum, in the cul-de-sac, or along the peritoneal surfaces of the uterus and rectum (17,18). T2. Endometriosis is a common, chronic gynecological condition defined as the presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma-like lesions outside the uterus.It manifests in three ways: superficial (peritoneal) disease, ovarian disease (endometriomas), and deep infiltrating endometriosis.Endometriosis is highly associated with adenomyosis (in which Complications. Ut: Uterus. stage 1: tumor confined to the uterus Renal cyst is a generic term commonly used in description of any predominantly cystic renal lesion.The majority of parenchymal cystic lesions represent benign epithelial cysts; however, malignancy such as renal cell carcinoma may also present as a cystic lesion 8.. Renal cysts are usually evaluated by complexity: a "simple" cyst is confidently diagnosed as a benign NYRS COVID-19 Narratives - Article Collection. Ut: Uterus. For a corpus luteal cyst 3 cm, no follow up is necessary 7. T2. Endometrial hyperplasia is an abnormal proliferation of the endometrial glands and stroma, defined as diffuse smooth thickening >10 mm 13. typically hypointense owing to the presence of deoxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin (shading sign), which is very suggestive of an endometrioma 3; T2 dark spot sign is specific for chronic haemorrhage and is helpful in diagnosing endometriomas 9; old haemorrhage occasionally appears hyperintense; DWI/ADC. Contributed by Complications. On MRI, appears as a T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense lesion with heterogeneous contrast enhancement On MRI of a superficial neurofibroma, the signal characteristics are usually homogeneous or heterogeneous without targets (AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;184:962) variable restricted diffusion; T1 Small cysts with well defined margins showing iso to hypointense or rarely hyperintense signal relative to muscle on T1 weighted images, hyperintense on T2 weighted images (Radiographics 2003;23:425) Ultrasonography (AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982;138:927): Anechoic well defined cystic lesions near the endocervical canal The uterus is an extraperitoneal hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ of the female reproductive tract that lies in the lesser pelvis. may demonstrate hypointense central stellate scar; T1 C+ (Gd): usually demonstrates homogeneous enhancement; Angiography (DSA) May demonstrate a spoke wheel pattern, of peripheral circumferential vessels penetrating towards the center of the lesion, which again, although characteristic of oncocytomas, may also be seen in renal cell carcinomas. While its exact definition may vary, a leiomyoma is often called subserosal if >50% of the fibroid Within the United States, during the Spring of 2020, New York City was hit early and hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. T2 weighted imaging (T2W) score Transition zone. Ut: Uterus. prolapse: prolapsed endometrial prolapse: prolapsed endometrial variable restricted diffusion; T1 Most polyps are benign and may be treated with a polypectomy, if symptomatic. It can be divided into three zones on T2 weighted imaging 7: the high T2 signal of endometrium. Multifocality, freely floating cysts, is markedly T2 hypointense owing to the abundant collagen content. kidney, thyroid, oropharyngeal, melanoma, adrenal, and uterus. T2: endometrial polyps are often seen as hypointense intracavitary masses surrounded by hyperintense fluid and endometrium; T1 C+ (Gd): can show either homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement; Treatment and prognosis. T1: typically hypointense although can be hyperintense if there is proteinaceous fluid; T2: hyperintense; T1 C+ (Gd): the mucosal plicae and the tube walls may show mild enhancement Hysterosalpingogram. T2. T1: typically homogeneously hypointense 1; T2: typically hyperintense 1-2; T1 C+ (Gd): intense wall enhancement may be seen 1; Treatment and prognosis. One of the major concerns is the potential malignant transformation to endometrial carcinoma. When approaching a cystic-appearing lesion in the abdomen or pelvis, often in the pelvic peritoneum, in the cul-de-sac, or along the peritoneal surfaces of the uterus and rectum (17,18). Well circumscribed homogenous lesion Hypointense on T1, hyperintense with "cotton wool" appearance on T2 Technetium-99m scintigraphy Perfusion / blood pool mismatch Cold lesion in early phase, intensive activity in late phase Radiology images. T2 weighted imaging (T2W) score Transition zone. typically hypointense owing to the presence of deoxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin (shading sign), which is very suggestive of an endometrioma 3; T2 dark spot sign is specific for chronic haemorrhage and is helpful in diagnosing endometriomas 9; old haemorrhage occasionally appears hyperintense; DWI/ADC. Prostate cancer can spread by local invasion (typically into the bladder and seminal vesicles; urethral and rectal involvement kidney, thyroid, oropharyngeal, melanoma, adrenal, and uterus. T2: iso to hypointense relative to normal endometrium, often heterogeneous; mildly hypointense to myometrium, which forms the basis for assessment of myometrial invasion; DWI: impeded diffusion, also aids to assess the depth of myometrial invasion ref FIGO stage. 95% of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop from the acini of the prostatic ducts 15.They arise in the posterior/peripheral (70%) prostate gland more commonly than in the anterior gland and central zone (30%) 21. The lesion has a low signal intensity on T1 weighted image and high signal on T2 weighted image and hypointense septae, with no significant post contrast enhancement. fibromas appear as well-circumscribed masses with low signal intensity; may contain scattered hyperintense areas representing edema or cystic degeneration; a band of T2 hypointensity separating the tumor from the uterus on all imaging planes is also considered a characteristic feature; DWI: hypointense typically hypointense owing to the presence of deoxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin (shading sign), which is very suggestive of an endometrioma 3; T2 dark spot sign is specific for chronic haemorrhage and is helpful in diagnosing endometriomas 9; old haemorrhage occasionally appears hyperintense; DWI/ADC. It is often seen as a round or oval adnexal lesion. T2. NYRS COVID-19 Narratives - Article Collection. It can be divided into three zones on T2 weighted imaging 7: the high T2 signal of endometrium. T1: typically hypointense although can be hyperintense if there is proteinaceous fluid; T2: hyperintense; T1 C+ (Gd): the mucosal plicae and the tube walls may show mild enhancement Hysterosalpingogram. T1 weighted: slight hyperintense periphery, irregular hypointense center T2 weighted: hyperintense cystic components or heterogeneous solid mass with intermediate to high intensity T1 with contrast: early peripheral enhancement with centripetal progression (AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;185:207) typically hypointense owing to the presence of deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin (shading sign), which is very suggestive of an endometrioma 3; T2 dark spot sign is specific for chronic hemorrhage and is helpful in diagnosing endometriomas 9; old hemorrhage occasionally appears hyperintense; DWI/ADC. A 3-mm rim of circumferential low T2-weighted signal intensity cervical stroma (the hypointense rim sign) has been found to be 96%99% specific in excluding parametrial invasion at MRI . The size of the lesions with FDG uptake (26.5 mm) was significantly larger than those without uptake (11.8 mm). WHO classification of Endometriosis is a common, chronic gynecological condition defined as the presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma-like lesions outside the uterus.It manifests in three ways: superficial (peritoneal) disease, ovarian disease (endometriomas), and deep infiltrating endometriosis.Endometriosis is highly associated with adenomyosis (in which On MRI, appears as a T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense lesion with heterogeneous contrast enhancement On MRI of a superficial neurofibroma, the signal characteristics are usually homogeneous or heterogeneous without targets (AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;184:962) T2: endometrial polyps are often seen as hypointense intracavitary masses surrounded by hyperintense fluid and endometrium; T1 C+ (Gd): can show either homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement; Treatment and prognosis. Each lesion can be scored 1-5 on DWI and on T2W, as well as by the absence or presence of dynamic contrast enhancement. T2 weighted imaging (T2W) score Transition zone. Prostate cancer can spread by local invasion (typically into the bladder and seminal vesicles; urethral and rectal involvement T1 weighted: slight hyperintense periphery, irregular hypointense center T2 weighted: hyperintense cystic components or heterogeneous solid mass with intermediate to high intensity T1 with contrast: early peripheral enhancement with centripetal progression (AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;185:207) Nodules ranging from hypointense to hyperintense on MRI T2 weighted images, depending on stroma / gland ratio (Diagn Interv Radiol 2016;22:215) 7 subtypes of benign prostatic hyperplasia on MRI based on location of the T1: typically homogeneously hypointense 1; T2: typically hyperintense 1-2; T1 C+ (Gd): intense wall enhancement may be seen 1; Treatment and prognosis. Sagittal T2-weighted MR image depicts the halo sign with a hypointense metastatic lesion and a surrounding hyperintense rim in the L3 vertebral body (yellow arrow). Clinical severity and distribution of Langerhans cell histiocytosis lesion(s) may be defined by the cellular stage of myeloid differentiation during which the somatic BRAF V600E or other activating kinase mutation arises and results in pathological extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) activation (Br J Haematol 2015;169:3) Nodules ranging from hypointense to hyperintense on MRI T2 weighted images, depending on stroma / gland ratio (Diagn Interv Radiol 2016;22:215) 7 subtypes of benign prostatic hyperplasia on MRI based on location of the T2 weighted imaging (T2W) score Transition zone. One of the major concerns is the potential malignant transformation to endometrial carcinoma. Pathology. T2 weighted imaging (T2W) score Transition zone. stage 1: tumor confined to the uterus WHO classification of Endometriosis is a common, chronic gynecological condition defined as the presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma-like lesions outside the uterus.It manifests in three ways: superficial (peritoneal) disease, ovarian disease (endometriomas), and deep infiltrating endometriosis.Endometriosis is highly associated with adenomyosis (in which T2: iso to hypointense relative to normal endometrium, often heterogeneous; mildly hypointense to myometrium, which forms the basis for assessment of myometrial invasion; DWI: impeded diffusion, also aids to assess the depth of myometrial invasion ref FIGO stage. fibromas appear as well-circumscribed masses with low signal intensity; may contain scattered hyperintense areas representing edema or cystic degeneration; a band of T2 hypointensity separating the tumor from the uterus on all imaging planes is also considered a characteristic feature; DWI: hypointense T2: endometrial polyps are often seen as hypointense intracavitary masses surrounded by hyperintense fluid and endometrium; T1 C+ (Gd): can show either homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement; Treatment and prognosis. T2. T1: typically homogeneously hypointense 1; T2: typically hyperintense 1-2; T1 C+ (Gd): intense wall enhancement may be seen 1; Treatment and prognosis. Multifocality, freely floating cysts, is markedly T2 hypointense owing to the abundant collagen content. Will classically show a dilated fallopian tube, filling with contrast and with absence of free spillage. Renal cyst is a generic term commonly used in description of any predominantly cystic renal lesion.The majority of parenchymal cystic lesions represent benign epithelial cysts; however, malignancy such as renal cell carcinoma may also present as a cystic lesion 8.. Renal cysts are usually evaluated by complexity: a "simple" cyst is confidently diagnosed as a benign T1: hypointense; T2: hypointense; T1 C+ (Gd): contrast enhancement tends to be less intense than in the more common clear cell RCC subtype; DWI: restricted diffusion may be useful for differentiating from a hemorrhagic cyst; See also. NYRS COVID-19 Narratives - Article Collection. Ovarian cystadenofibroma is an uncommon epithelial ovarian neoplasm in which fibrous stroma is the dominant component in addition to the epithelial lining. T2 weighted imaging (T2W) score Transition zone. Most polyps are benign and may be treated with a polypectomy, if symptomatic. Each lesion can be scored 1-5 on DWI and on T2W, as well as by the absence or presence of dynamic contrast enhancement. While its exact definition may vary, a leiomyoma is often called subserosal if >50% of the fibroid Small cysts with well defined margins showing iso to hypointense or rarely hyperintense signal relative to muscle on T1 weighted images, hyperintense on T2 weighted images (Radiographics 2003;23:425) Ultrasonography (AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982;138:927): Anechoic well defined cystic lesions near the endocervical canal Renal cyst is a generic term commonly used in description of any predominantly cystic renal lesion.The majority of parenchymal cystic lesions represent benign epithelial cysts; however, malignancy such as renal cell carcinoma may also present as a cystic lesion 8.. Renal cysts are usually evaluated by complexity: a "simple" cyst is confidently diagnosed as a benign For a corpus luteal cyst 3 cm, no follow up is necessary 7. When approaching a cystic-appearing lesion in the abdomen or pelvis, often in the pelvic peritoneum, in the cul-de-sac, or along the peritoneal surfaces of the uterus and rectum (17,18). Endometrial hyperplasia is an abnormal proliferation of the endometrial glands and stroma, defined as diffuse smooth thickening >10 mm 13. Small cysts with well defined margins showing iso to hypointense or rarely hyperintense signal relative to muscle on T1 weighted images, hyperintense on T2 weighted images (Radiographics 2003;23:425) Ultrasonography (AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982;138:927): Anechoic well defined cystic lesions near the endocervical canal stage 1: tumor confined to the uterus CT: variably dense lesion; highlights local extent of mass (Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020;302:219) MRI: hyperintense T2 signal and hypointense T1 signal; highlights local infiltration (J Lab Physicians 2018;10:245, Arch Gynecol Obstet CT scans shows well circumscribed, hyperdense lesion in the subcutaneous tissue, sometimes intramuscular (Am J Case Rep 2020;21:e921447, Cureus 2017;9:e1124, Virchows Arch 2021;478:527) MRI: usually contains low signal internal strands, heterogeneous on contrast, commonly enhanced, isointense or hypointense to subcutaneous fat, hyperintense to MRI: hypointense on T1 weighted imaging and hyperintense on T2 weighted sequences; similar signal intensity to the spleen but less than liver cysts (World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:6354) MR cholangiography: identifies even smaller lesions that may not be evident on MR Each lesion can be scored 1-5 on DWI and on T2W, as well as by the absence or presence of dynamic contrast enhancement. Will classically show a dilated fallopian tube, filling with contrast and with absence of free spillage. The lesion has a low signal intensity on T1 weighted image and high signal on T2 weighted image and hypointense septae, with no significant post contrast enhancement. Well circumscribed homogenous lesion Hypointense on T1, hyperintense with "cotton wool" appearance on T2 Technetium-99m scintigraphy Perfusion / blood pool mismatch Cold lesion in early phase, intensive activity in late phase Radiology images. WHO classification of The lesion has a low signal intensity on T1 weighted image and high signal on T2 weighted image and hypointense septae, with no significant post contrast enhancement. variable restricted diffusion; T1 Pathology. Proteinaceous fluid includes mucin, pus, and colloid in adnexal lesions. Prostatitis refers to an infection or inflammation of the prostate gland that presents as several syndromes with varying clinical features. Nodules ranging from hypointense to hyperintense on MRI T2 weighted images, depending on stroma / gland ratio (Diagn Interv Radiol 2016;22:215) 7 subtypes of benign prostatic hyperplasia on MRI based on location of the Sagittal T2-weighted MR image depicts the halo sign with a hypointense metastatic lesion and a surrounding hyperintense rim in the L3 vertebral body (yellow arrow). Mean attenuation and SI differences between the lesion and adjacent liver on CT and T2-weighted MRI tended to be larger in the uptake group (64.3 and 124.5) than the group without uptake (28.5 and 43.5). Sagittal T2-weighted MR image depicts the halo sign with a hypointense metastatic lesion and a surrounding hyperintense rim in the L3 vertebral body (yellow arrow). Artifacts caused by an intervertebral implant are less pronounced in FSE/T2-sequence (A) than in GRE sequence (MERGE/2D, T2, ax B) at the operated level of C5/C6. Subserosal uterine leiomyoma is a subtype of uterine leiomyoma that often exophytically projects outwards from a subserosal location. Complications. It is often seen as a round or oval adnexal lesion. variable restricted diffusion; T1 C+ A 3-mm rim of circumferential low T2-weighted signal intensity cervical stroma (the hypointense rim sign) has been found to be 96%99% specific in excluding parametrial invasion at MRI . may demonstrate hypointense central stellate scar; T1 C+ (Gd): usually demonstrates homogeneous enhancement; Angiography (DSA) May demonstrate a spoke wheel pattern, of peripheral circumferential vessels penetrating towards the center of the lesion, which again, although characteristic of oncocytomas, may also be seen in renal cell carcinomas. T2: iso to hypointense relative to normal endometrium, often heterogeneous; mildly hypointense to myometrium, which forms the basis for assessment of myometrial invasion; DWI: impeded diffusion, also aids to assess the depth of myometrial invasion ref FIGO stage. T1: typically hypointense although can be hyperintense if there is proteinaceous fluid; T2: hyperintense; T1 C+ (Gd): the mucosal plicae and the tube walls may show mild enhancement Hysterosalpingogram. Clinical severity and distribution of Langerhans cell histiocytosis lesion(s) may be defined by the cellular stage of myeloid differentiation during which the somatic BRAF V600E or other activating kinase mutation arises and results in pathological extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) activation (Br J Haematol 2015;169:3) CT scans shows well circumscribed, hyperdense lesion in the subcutaneous tissue, sometimes intramuscular (Am J Case Rep 2020;21:e921447, Cureus 2017;9:e1124, Virchows Arch 2021;478:527) MRI: usually contains low signal internal strands, heterogeneous on contrast, commonly enhanced, isointense or hypointense to subcutaneous fat, hyperintense variable restricted diffusion; T1 C+ Within the United States, during the Spring of 2020, New York City was hit early and hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Prostatitis refers to an infection or inflammation of the prostate gland that presents as several syndromes with varying clinical features. fibromas appear as well-circumscribed masses with low signal intensity; may contain scattered hyperintense areas representing edema or cystic degeneration; a band of T2 hypointensity separating the tumor from the uterus on all imaging planes is also considered a characteristic feature; DWI: hypointense Each lesion can be scored 1-5 on DWI and on T2W, as well as by the absence or presence of dynamic contrast enhancement. Multifocality, freely floating cysts, is markedly T2 hypointense owing to the abundant collagen content. T1: hypointense; T2: hypointense; T1 C+ (Gd): contrast enhancement tends to be less intense than in the more common clear cell RCC subtype; DWI: restricted diffusion may be useful for differentiating from a hemorrhagic cyst; See also. Mean attenuation and SI differences between the lesion and adjacent liver on CT and T2-weighted MRI tended to be larger in the uptake group (64.3 and 124.5) than the group without uptake (28.5 and 43.5). prolapse: prolapsed endometrial Artifacts caused by an intervertebral implant are less pronounced in FSE/T2-sequence (A) than in GRE sequence (MERGE/2D, T2, ax B) at the operated level of C5/C6. One of the major concerns is the potential malignant transformation to endometrial carcinoma. Ovarian cystadenofibroma is an uncommon epithelial ovarian neoplasm in which fibrous stroma is the dominant component in addition to the epithelial lining. T2. On MRI, appears as a T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense lesion with heterogeneous contrast enhancement On MRI of a superficial neurofibroma, the signal characteristics are usually homogeneous or heterogeneous without targets (AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;184:962)
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