extraordinary humans muscles transcript

This item: Extraordinary Humans: Muscles & Skin . The Slatest The New York Times Unites vs. Twitter In a transcript of the newspaper's crisis town-hall meeting, executive editor Dean Baquet grapples with a restive staff and outside scrutiny. Extraordinary_Human_Muscles - Extraordinary Human: Muscles - Course Hero extraordinary humans muscles transcript; extraordinary humans muscles transcript. In order to verify that the RNAseq read depth was sufficient to detect most expressed transcripts, one specific tissue (mouse FDB) was randomly down-sampled as previously described (Li et al., 2015) to generate six different sequencing depths (200, 100, 50, 10, 5, and 1 million reads).These reads were aligned to the mouse genome and transcriptome using RUM (Grant et al., 2011), and uniquely . The Table lists: pathways names and IDs, pathway p-Values, numbers of pathway metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles, numbers of enzymes showing human-specific expression profiles, numbers of pairs of directly linked enzymes and metabolites with human-specific and concentration level profiles, as well as p-Values indicating probabilities of finding equal or greater numbers of enzymes or linked enzymes in metabolites sets randomly sampled 100 times. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Multiple muscles in the back function specifically in movements of the back. How do I create TED-Ed Lessons? - TED Thus, differences in fiber-type composition between humans and nonhuman primates are not likely to explain the extensive metabolic divergence, as well as difference in strength, observed in our study. Mouse samples were obtained from the mouse facility at Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences. Extraordinary diversity of transcription among Skeletal Muscle Tissues (SMTs) SMTs comprise the largest tissues (by weight) in the pig body (30-70% of porcine carcass weight 36) (Supplementary Fig.. Any discussion about muscle and muscle performance would not be adequate if we didn't mention something about nutrition, but rather than have a whole discussion about nutrition, cause there's lots of information about that online, for instance, if you want to gain muscle that you need to have a calorie surplus of about 10 to 15%. Shown are percentages of metabolite peaks with significant proportion of concentration variation (ANOVA p<0.01) explained by the following factors: tissue, species, sex, age, and RNA preservation (RNA Integrity NumberRIN). Human individuals included 29 adults 1734 years of age with a wide span of body mass between 42 and 127 kg (mean 64 kg15 kg SD). Since different muscle fiber types have different functional and metabolic properties [20], systematic difference in fiber-type composition between human and other primate species could explain our observations of extensive metabolic differences and reduced human muscular strength. Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to change and adapt due to experience. negative mode liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; [+]LC-MS, Below are 10 people from around the world with superhuman abilities that will blow your mind. extraordinary humans muscles transcript - thepetrunway.com Our data set, MuscleDB, reveals extensive transcriptional diversity, with greater than 50% of transcripts differentially expressed among skeletal muscle tissues. What is the name of the disease that Jason Dunn has? The colors indicate proportions of peaks showing species-specific concentration changes on the human (red) and chimpanzee (orange) evolutionary lineages, as well as the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees with macaques (gray). The one that mapped to an exon was kept if the scores were equal. Muscles 04. Only samples with high RNA integrity values were used in this study. When a person sick by flu sneezes or coughs, more than We used metabolite annotation from both HMDB and KEGG databases to link the metabolites to metabolic pathways. The Table lists: pathways names and IDs, pathway p-Values, numbers of pathway metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles, numbers of enzymes showing human-specific expression, numbers of enzymes showing human-specific expression and directly linked with metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles, as well as p-Values indicating probabilities of finding equal or greater numbers of enzymes or linked enzymes in metabolites sets randomly sampled 100 times. Following the pathway enrichment analysis, in each species-specific metabolite group, metabolites belonging to two or more KEGG pathways and sharing more than two-thirds of the overrepresented pathways were incrementally grouped into functional units until no two metabolites sharing sufficient numbers of pathways could be grouped together. The Night That Lasted A Lifetime. The strength of the pull was registered by an electronic scale placed on the shelf and attached to a rope connecting the handle and the weight. The quite interesting textual alternative. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s002. Metabolite concentration profiles within the clusters pictured in Figure 2a. Extraordinary Humans: Muscles | Kterrl's Favorites The author(s) have made the following declarations about their contributions: Conceived and designed the experiments: PK PG JC OH. The linear regression between metabolite concentration divergence and phylogenetic distances represented by the dashed line was calculated based on the proportions of metabolite peaks with significant concentration divergence on the corresponding lineage for the three nonhuman species (represented by circles). To facilitate functional analysis of metabolites showing species-specific concentration profiles in different tissues and KEGG pathways with significant overrepresentation of these metabolites, we grouped pathways according to shared metabolites into functional units. cerebellar cortex; CE-MS, In Stock. The kidney samples were dissected from the renal cortex. Which type of muscle(s) does Dystonia affect? In the t-test used to identify species-specific peak concentration levels in these tissues, all samples of the composite tissues were used. Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America, Affiliation that is delivered as a result of wrong impulse firing erratically to the muscles. Transcriptional profiling reveals extraordinary diversity among skeletal muscle tissues Erin E Terry,1Xiping Zhang,2Christy Hoffmann,1Laura D Hughes,3Scott A Lewis,1Jiajia Li,1Matthew J Wallace,1Lance A Riley,2Collin M Douglas,2Miguel A Gutierrez-Monreal,2Nicholas F Lahens,4Ming C Gong,5Francisco Andrade,5Karyn A Esser,2and Michael E Hughes1 He is Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Skeletal Muscle Health. Functional modules comprised of metabolites and pathways showing human-specific changes in skeletal muscle. Human line testing over. July 6, 2020 Not long after his sixteenth birthday, Fred Clay was arrested for the murder of a cab driver in Boston. Respiratory-The lungs are ridding the body of carbon dioxide and bringing in oxygen. Thus, knowledge of metabolite concentration changes specific to human tissues may be instrumental to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying evolution of the human phenotype. In this dataset we detected expression of 17,913 protein-coding genes that could be mapped among primate species (16,398 between primates and mouse), with 3,820 (3,720) of them linked to metabolites based on the Human Metabolome Database Version 3.0 (HMDB) annotation (Figure S6). Since mouse measurements were used solely to compare the pace of metabolic and genetic divergence among species, underestimation of metabolic and genetic variation within mouse species because of their genetic homogeneity does not affect the main results of our study. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s030. Alamogordo Primate Facility, Holloman AFB, Alamogordo, New Mexico, United States of America, Affiliation We used the liftOver tool [28] to map the human genome onto the genomes of the other three species. No, Is the Subject Area "Skeletal muscles" applicable to this article? Airing December 21, 2011 at 9 pm on PBS Aired December 21, 2011 on PBS He is pictured holding five pound weights with . The transcripts used in principle component calculation were detected in at least one tissue of one species above the 5% quintile of all detected transcripts. (a) Functional units of KEGG pathways containing significant excesses of metabolites with human-specific concentration profiles in PFC and skeletal muscle. Current Anthropology. How many muscles did the video says the body uses just to take a single step? By contrast, the extent of metabolic divergence on the human evolutionary lineage differed substantially among tissues (Figure 3a,b; Figure S7). a The previously reported classes of isoforms differ from each other by the inclusion/exclusion of exons 48 (included only in Novex3 isoform) and 49 (included in all the other isoforms except the long skeletal muscle N2A-isoform). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s013. Both of the people in the documentary live with genetic conditions caused by their muscles. In fact, human-specific metabolic divergence in the sampled thigh skeletal muscle (mainly vastus lateralis) and PFC exceeded average metabolic divergence seen in the mouse tissues. However, the role of metabolic changes in species evolution is currently unknown. 31-year old Jason Dunn. Becoming Human | NOVA | PBS evolutionary lineages, as well as the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees with macaques (macaq. What Darwin Never Knew. Each aliquot was concentrated to complete dryness in a speed vacuum centrifuge at room temperature. What benefit does Jason get from lifting weights at the gym. It serves as a solvent without which the chemistry of life . Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. We further conducted muscle strength tests in humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. Incredible Human Machine Video Worksheet Directions: Answer the following questions as you watch the movie. For comparison, overlap with metabolites showing chimpanzee-specific concentration profiles is also shown. [47:38 minutes] BRAINS PLUS BRAWN. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The highest measurement of each individual was used in the p-value calculation. In the t-test, samples from each tissue were tested separately. This process resulted in functional units and metabolite groups representing different metabolic functionality. Proportions of metabolite concentration changes on the four evolutionary lineages. Changes in metabolite concentrations closely reflect changes in the physiological states of tissues and cells. Each of these muscles is a discrete organ constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves. Columns represent metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles in these tissues. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s035. Nevertheless, the 2 months' exposure of macaques to human-like environmental conditions did recapitulate some human-specific metabolic changes, indicating the relevance of our environmental tests. Plasticity refers to the brain's malleability or ability to change . And with that, allow me to . CNN's Clarissa Ward reports from Kharkiv. Step 2: Choose the video for your lesson. Specifically, the measurements were conducted using a simple mechanical apparatus consisting of a sliding shelf attached to a handle on one side, and suspended adjustable weights on the other side of the shelf. How much do you know about the rich history of the engagement ring? The modules (metabolite groups) are shown in Figure S11. Grouping of species-specific metabolites and KEGG pathways in PFC. Yes extraordinary humans muscles transcript mansion airbnb virginia PK was supported by the Foreign Expert 1000 Talents Plan program; KB was supported by a Chinese Academy of Sciences fellowship (2011Y1SB06). Thank you and soon you will hear from one of our Attorneys. extraordinary humans muscles transcript - TRAVIS AG Thanks for watching, please subscribe for more videos.NGC investigates the science of muscle by taking us on a journey inside the bodies of two remarkable hu. For the annotation of the GC-MS dataset, all of the GC-MS dataset chromatograms were processed and aligned as described previously [30],[31] using several reference compound libraries of commercially available authentic standards measured on the employed GC-MS system [31][33]. Out of 371 metabolites detected in the independent CE-MS experiment, 265 were detected by the LC-MS and GC-MS methodologies. What is dystonia, what are the different causes if dystonia, and how does it affect the muscular system including the major muscles type that is affected. All selected individuals had no medical history or reported abnormal behavior and were healthy during the strength experiments. To further deepen our understanding of metabolite concentration changes accompanying recent human evolution, as well as to shed light on the general dynamics of metabolome evolution, we conducted a comprehensive metabolome survey across five tissues of humans, chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and laboratory mice based on over 10,000 metabolic compounds. The metabolite and pathway information is further listed in Table S14. This can involve functional changes due to brain damage or structural changes due to learning. It is an umbrella term referring to the brain's ability to change, reorganize, or grow neural networks. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. what is one guardrail on lean budget spend? Our data suggests that N2A isoform is 20 times more expressed than Novex3. Extraordinary Humans: Muscles - YouTube I have 10 ab muscles. Is this normal? I just counted and I definitely The rows show numbers and percentage of changes on different evolutionary lineages: the human (human) and chimpanzee (chimp.) Are Jason's muscles normal in structure and in function? Extraordinary Humans: Muscles Dystonia 1. Sep 29, 2019 - What an evening ladies and gentlemen, ladles and jelly spoons, the same. The animals accepted this type of food and the diet was maintained unchanged for 1 month until the animals were humanely killed. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malm University Hospital, Malm, Sweden, * E-mail: call@eva.mpg.de (JC); giavalisco@mpimp-golm.mpg.de (PG); khaitovich@eva.mpg.de (PK). In order to identify metabolites affected by postmortem delay, we collected tissue samples from two macaque monkeys that were dissected and frozen 46 hours after death (postmortem samples). Ami Ankileweitz has Spinal Muscle Atrophy, a condition that has caused his muscles to wither away.Read more: http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/extraordinary-humans/4923/Overview#ixzz1IBm1P14e Notably, this observation contrasts with evolutionary divergence at the transcriptome level where overall transcriptome divergence largely follows genetic distances in all tissues (Figure S14). This amazing video follows the lives of two extraordinary humans who suffer from rare muscular diseases and it describes the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system and what happens when this system doesn't work like it should. In the quantitative part of our analysis, we used the entire set of unannotated peaks satisfying the above quality criteria. In all tissues the correlations between concentration profiles measured by different technologies is significantly higher than expected by chance (Wilcoxon test, p<0.001). Macaques from condition 1 and condition 2 groups were transferred from the standard living conditions (control condition) into individual standard-size cages located in a temperature-controlled room (242C) with lights on 12 hours each day (7001900). human muscle system, the muscles of the human body that work the skeletal system, that are under voluntary control, and that are concerned with movement, posture, and balance. KEGG pathways with significant overrepresentation of metabolites in 13 metabolite peak clusters, obtained by grouping metabolite peaks according to their concentration profiles across tissues. Table includes concentration levels of 4,698 metabolite peaks depicted in Figure 3c in the same order (from left to right) as the primate samples shown in the Figure. extraordinary humans muscles transcript - tootles.co.zw By contrast, the effects of sex, age, and tissue preservation on metabolite concentration variation were substantially smaller: on average <1, 12, and 8% of all the assayed metabolite peaks were affected by one of these factors, respectively (Figure 1d, Table S4). Eventually, Fred was found guilty but . Of the 115 KEGG pathways containing an excess of species-specific metabolic changes, 100 contained at least one enzyme showing a consistent species-specific expression pattern in the RNA-seq data. Metabolites, small molecules with molecular weight typically less than 1,500 Daltons, encompass a broad range of compounds that includes building blocks of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid membranes, energy and chemical group carriers, and neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules. B-Roll, Video, Audio, Photos & Rush Transcript: Governor Hochul Visits Weight and strength of an individual's pull in each testing session is indicated. I should get one of those little Hunting in packs is quite . Metabolite concentrations reflect the physiological states of tissues and cells. Nonetheless, our results indicate the existence of systematic differences in muscle performance between humans and nonhuman primates. Find ratings and reviews for the newest movie and TV shows. For instance, evolution of a large brain in humans, which consumes 20% of the total body energy at rest, has been suggested to involve changes in energy distribution among tissues, as well as adaptation to a nutrition-rich diet [4],[5]. Thanks for watching, please subscribe for more videos.NGC investigates the science of muscle by taking us on a journey inside the bodies of two remarkable humans with startling genetic conditions. To investigate this, we conducted a series of experiments aimed at providing an approximate estimate of muscular strength in a pulling task accomplished by humans (n=42), chimpanzees (n=5), and macaques (n=6) (Movie S1). a The previously reported classes of isoforms differ from each other by the inclusion/exclusion of exons 48 (included only in Novex3 isoform) and 49 (included in all the other isoforms except the long skeletal muscle N2A-isoform). The negative sign of this difference corresponds to lower concentration levels in humans (shown in blue in Figure S10), while positive sign corresponds to higher concentration levels in humans (shown in red in Figure S10). RNA-sequencing; RT, Furthermore, in 61 of the 100 pathways, the metabolites and enzymes that showed consistent species-specific profiles were directly linked, while only 12 pathways would be expected by chance (permutation p<0.01). Your email address will not be published. By combining metabolite concentration and gene expression measurements, we showed that pathways containing excess of tissue-specific metabolic profiles also showed significant over-representation of corresponding tissue-specific gene expression profiles in all 13 metabolite clusters (permutation p<0.05, Figure 2c). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s027. Do Schools Kill Creativity by Sir Ken Robinson (Transcript) The diet of condition 1 monkeys was kept unchanged and was the same as the diet of monkeys from the control group. Broadly considered, human musclelike the muscles of all vertebratesis often divided into . No, Is the Subject Area "Primates" applicable to this article? List of samples used to assess effects of postmortem delay, diet, and physical activity on metabolite concentrations. (c) PCA plots for each of the five tissues: muscle, kidney, PFC, CBC and V1. Ami Ankileweitz has Spinal Muscle Atrophy, a genetic disorder that has caused his muscles to wither away. In chimpanzee and macaque experiments, the handle was placed inside a cage and the individual was encouraged to displace the shelf (by pulling from the handle) to bring food within her reach. Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD + Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is modulated by conditions of metabolic stress and has been reported to decline with aging in preclinical models, but human data are sparse. In the pathway-based analysis (i) we tested both the overrepresentation of pathway enzymes with a corresponding expression profile, as well as pathway enzymes with a corresponding expression profile directly linked to the pathway metabolites with species-specific concentration profile or belonging to a tissue-specific cluster. Watch Extraordinary Humans Online | Season 1 (2010) | TV Guide In each species, we examined metabolite concentrations in three brain regions, prefrontal cortex (PFC), primary visual cortex (V1), and cerebellar cortex (CBC), as well as in the kidney cortex and thigh skeletal muscle of 14 adult healthy individuals (Table S1). ), macaque monkeys subjected to environmental condition 1 (C1), and macaque monkeys subjected to environmental condition 2 (C2) in brain, skeletal muscle, and kidney (t-test p<0.01). The columns show the concentration values followed by t-test p-Values conducted for each species in each tissue. The remaining 0.5 ml tissue lysate was incubated at room temperature for 30 min after adding 4 ml of chloroform, 1.4 ml methanol, and 0.1 ml 30 M sphingomyelin (Avanti) in a 10 ml glass tube. Shop on Walmart. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s029. extraordinary humans muscles transcript. A pig BodyMap transcriptome reveals diverse tissue physiologies and evolutionary dynamics of transcription Long Jin, Qianzi Tang, Silu Hu, Zhongxu Chen, Xuming Zhou, Bo Zeng, Yuhao Wang, Mengnan. Our results indicate that the reallocation of energy to energetically costly human brains may have required further decrease in energy expense in the skeletal muscle, at least during peak performance. The complexity of titin splicing pattern in human adult skeletal muscles our muscles work? It has been six years since, and we still havent addressed the main issue of Numbers and borderlines of different shades of gray indicate metabolite groups showing correlated concentration profiles across multiple pathways. principal component analysis; PFC, davenport, fl crime rate P.O. Wrote the paper: PK KB. the documentary. Neurons are found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems The axon of the neuron contains the nucleus All neurons have myelin sheaths Dendrites, Which statement is true regarding the skeletal system? The direction of the action can be ipsilateral, which refers to movement in the direction of the contracting muscle, or contralateral, which refers to movement away from the side of the contracting muscle. In the search for KEGG pathways with significant overrepresentation of metabolites from 13 metabolite clusters, we used all metabolites belonging to clusters with concentration profiles specific to tissues different from the tissue of the tested cluster as a background for the hypergeometric and permutation tests. This indicates that during the last 67 million years of human evolution, human muscle metabolome underwent greater change than the mouse metabolome did over the approximately 130 million years separating mice from the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. Studies demonstrating a connection between aerobic exercise and cognitive performance in humans of different age indicate that these two organs might be metabolically related [21]. The observed rapid metabolic changes in brain and muscle, together with the unique human cognitive skills and low muscle performance, might reflect parallel mechanisms in human evolution. Maximal pulling strength normalized to an individual's body weight is shown in the last column. According to the legend, the conflict broke out in 1325 after a group of Modenese soldiers dashed into the rival town of Bologna. Further experiments are needed to investigate the exact extent of muscle performance differences between humans and nonhuman primates, as well as the link between changes in muscle performance and muscle metabolite composition on the human lineage. Each tissue sample was of approximately 100 mg of weight and was extracted from the frozen postmortem tissue on dry ice without de-freezing. All three act to ipsilaterally side bend the neck. The overlap with human-specific metabolite concentration changes was determined as an overlap of environment-induced changes in a given tissue, and metabolite concentration differences showing the same direction (elevated or decreased) in this tissue in the human samples as compared with the control macaques. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s020. The cerebellum is working to control your decision making process. GC-MS peaks were extracted and annotated using msPeak (Steinhauser et al., unpublished). Four serial 10 mm-thick sections were cut at 30C, preincubated at pH 4.37, 4.6, and 10.3 and stained for myofibrillar ATPase reactions at pH 9.4 [36]. Endorphins are produced in the brain as a natural pain killer. extraordinary humans muscles transcript In order to identify metabolite peaks with concentration levels altered by postmortem delay, we quantified the differences in peak concentration levels in each tissue between the macaque samples from individuals living in control conditions collected with 4- and 6-hour postmortem delay (n=2) and macaque samples from individuals living in control conditions collected with less than 15 min postmortem delay (n=17). 31year old Jason Dunn lives with Dystonia, a rare disorder that causes his brain to send faulty messages to his muscular system. The ratios are based on metabolite peaks from all datasets. The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the human body. dave and sugar the door is always open. One of them is Jason Dunn, a 35 year old guy that lives with Dystonia, a rare disorder causing his brain to send faulty messages to his muscular system. tower hill insurance net worth. Stephen Wiltshire is an autistic genius. occipital frontalis: a muscle that is located on the forehead that is responsible for moving the scalp up and downward and moving the eyebrows up and down corrugator supercilli: the muscles. While blood flow to the muscles is increased, blood flow to vulnerable extremities is decreased. The columns represent metabolite peaks; the rows represent 190 tissue samples sorted by species and tissue identity. Extraordinary Humans: Muscles & Skin (DVD) - Yahoo Shopping Yes signs of insecure coworkers grafana dashboard json environment variables. All tissues were snap-frozen after dissection and stored at 80C without thawing. Next, we tested the overrepresentation of enzymes with expression profiles matching concentration profiles of metabolites among: (i) enzymes annotated in pathways with significant overrepresentation of metabolites showing species-specific concentration profiles in a tissue, as well as pathways with significant overrepresentation of metabolites from tissue-specific metabolite clusters; (ii) enzymes directly linked to metabolites based on KEGG annotation in the tissue-specific clusters or the species-specific metabolites. Neck flexion refers to the motion used to touch the chin to the chest. Is it possible to live independently with dystonia? Only pathways supported by human-specific expression of enzymes are shown. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s018. We hypothesize that rapid metabolic evolution in brain and skeletal muscle is associated with unique cognitive and physical abilities of humans. The inability to control nonhuman primates' motivation hinders the exact quantification of the muscular strength difference between humans and nonhuman primates, even in a highly controlled experimental setup. The motion of the neck is described in terms of rotation, flexion, extension, and side bending (i.e., the motion used to touch the ear to the shoulder). 14-year old Hunter Steinitz suffers from Harlequin Ichthyosis, a rare condition that causes her skin to grow layer upon layer without flaking off, progressively encasing her in a tight suit of thick

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