Its entry to the field was the 1951 Hudson Hornet, which debuted on this day in 1950. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for #2 Vintage Used 1951 1952 1953 Hudson Steering Wheel Horn Button Brown & Red at the best online prices at eBay! . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. This helped the horsepower to go up to 160 while jetting 260 ft-lb of torque. [17] A total of 540 convertibles were built. Styling was very much in the late 40's fashion with rounded, flowing lines. In 2018, he officially flipped and switched sides to the editorial. Top speed: (theor. The 1955 Hudson senior models were built on the Nash platform with styling themes by Pinin Farina, Edmund Anderson, and Frank Spring. Of course, the Hornet's truly special feature was its engine, the mighty H-145. [21], Hudson's Board of Directors approved a merger with Nash-Kelvinator on 14 January 1954. A blue Hudson Hornet makes a cameo in The Incredibles, although it was released before Cars. For an average price, you could be driving a car that is anything but average-so get your hands on a Hudson Hornet, with "glamour that packs a wallop!" Parts. Congratulations! Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 1953 Hudson Hornet Sedan Is Junkyard Treasure. [13] An example is a Hornet owner writing for Popular Mechanics in 1999, noting that "the car's unique, low slung appearance and silky handling earned Hudson an image that for many buyers eclipsed luxury marques like Cadillac. Hudson Hornet - Wikipedia document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2022 Olympia, Earth Media, LLC | All rights reserved, How would a facelifted Hudson have fared in 1955?. . 1952 Hudson Hornet - Top Speed . In 1952, the "Twin-H" version of the engine was introduced with dual one-barrel carburetors which produced 170 hp. No Reserve: 1951 Hudson Hornet Convertible Brougham We empower classic and exotic car buyers, sellers, and enthusiasts with insights for the collector car industry - including market values, price comparisons, listing alerts and more. (47) $8.19. 700 km, 542 PS, top speed 190 km/h . The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". [49] The British company was renamed Hudson Motors Ltd. in 1932.[50]. 1953 Hudson Hornet | Survivor Classic Cars Services Not that a coupe-based hardtop would have single-handedly saved Hudson, but it might have eased the downward descent at least somewhat. Unlike a unibody, the design did not fully merge the body and chassis frame into a single structure, but the floorpan footwells recessed down, in between the car's chassis rails, which were, in turn, routed around them instead of a conventional floor, sitting on top of straight ladder frame rails a body on frame design that later became more widely adopted, and known as a perimeter frame. lung cancer . So far the only Hudson engineer link found to the Chevrolet SBC V8 is Vince Piggins, unless there were other engineers who played a greater role during the development of the SBC. Register to Bid. [40], Hudson vehicles were imported into New Zealand from 1912 and eventually locally assembled from knock-down kits from 1919.[41]. Alas, not at Hudson. CLASSIC.COM is a trademark of CLASSIC.COM LLC. Post that, Hudson merged with Nash-Kelvinator, which is what gave rise to the acclaimed AMC, as in American Motor Company, and the Hornet continued all the way till 1957 although it saw its sales dropping year after year. translation, digital conversion and other matters related to the automobile-catalog.com Motor Trend and Mechanix Illustrated magazines determined the top speed of the stock 1951 Hudson Hornet at 97 miles per hour - fast for its day. [38], Canadian assembly of Hudson vehicles commenced in 1932 by Hudson Motors of Canada in Tilbury, Ontario. Here's What Everyone Forgot About The Hudson Hornet - HotCars Much like Doc Hudson, the Hudson Hornet featured in the movie Cars, the star of the Hornet descended a bit too soon. Hudson was the first automobile manufacturer to get involved in sports car racing. And with help of Marshall Teague, Herb Thomas and Tim Flock driving skils,the Hudson Hornet won 27 NASCAR races. [12], Hudson Hornet 1951 model year production totaled 43,666 units.[13]. proprietary (including but not limited to intellectual property) rights. [33] The integrated placement of major air conditioning systems under the hood and the price of only $395 (about half the cost as on other cars) also won praise. 1951 Hudson Hornet Coupe | The Vault Classic Cars Vehicles with Similar Dimensions. For more info, read about our auctions or email us with any questions. [25] He did not like the redesign of the car and proposed changes to improve Hudson's flagging sales. An L-head design, at 308 cu in 5.0 L it was lauded as the "largest six-cylinder engine in the world" at the time. By Flim Flam Man Monday at 08:41 PM in The Unrestored Car Appreciation Forum. 1953 Hudson Hornet Sedan Is Junkyard Treasure - TopCarNews Photo courtesy of NASCAR Archives & Research Center/ CQ-Roll Call Group via Getty Images. The price was reduced and the power was increased by way of AMC's new 327cuin (5.4L) V8 that was rated at 255hp (190kW) with a four-barrel carburetor and dual exhausts. Super Custom serial numbers. In 2006, a small, front-wheel-drive concept car called Hornet was designed and developed by Dodge. La Hornet stata prodotta in due generazioni. By Herranderssvensson - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 . The Hudson Hornet was successful on the NASCAR circuit back in the '50s and found a whole new audience when the movie Cars was released. The 1953 model year brought minor changes to the Hudson Hornet. Hudson had more orders than they could fill--the future looked bright. Hudson went on to win 27 of the 34 NASCAR Grand National races in 1952. [47] After the Hudson and Nash merger, NMA continued to assemble AMC's new Ramblers until 1967, although the 1957 Rambler was instead marketed in South Africa as the "Hudson 108. The engine could be tuned to produce 210 hp if equipped with the factory 7-X modifications. However, Packard's V8 engine was available only during the first half of 1956. A skilled mechanic, Teague tuned the Hornet's straight-six engine to its maximum stock capability, enabling the car to hit a top speed of 112 mph (180 kph), a spectacular figure at the time. The car not only handled well, but treated its six passengers to a sumptuous ride. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The Hudson Hornet is a full-sized automobile that was manufactured by Hudson Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan from 1951 until 1954, when Nash-Kelvinato. For the 2023 model year, Stellantis resurrected the Hornet name for their new SUV, a version of the Alfa Romeo Tonale marketed in the U.S. under the Dodge brand. If you win the auction, your card will be charged for the service fee and you pay the seller directly for the vehicle. Car power to weight ratio net: 56 watt/kg / 25 watt/lb (estimated by a-c)Car weight to power ratio net: 18 kg/kW / 13.2 kg/PS / 29.5 lbs/hp (estimated by a-c) Production/sales period of cars with this particular specs:October 1950 - December 1951Modelyears:1951Country of origin:USA United States Make:HudsonModel:Hornet 1st generation 1951-1954Submodel:Hornet 7A Hollywood Hardtop 1951-1951Optional equipment:EEC segmentation:F (luxury cars)Class:full-size / executive carBody style:hardtop coupeDoors:2Traction:RWD (rear-wheel drive)Engine type:spark-ignition 4-strokeFuel type:gasoline (petrol)Cylinders alignment:Line 6Displacement:5051 cm3 / 308.2 cuiHorsepower net: Horsepower gross:108 kW / 147 PS / 145 hp (SAE)Transmission type:manualNumber of gears:3. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. It does not store any personal data. The Hudson Hornet 308 5L can accelerate to a top speed of 106 mph or 170.5 kph. There were more handles on the interior, and it came with seatback pockets as well for a more refined edge. The engine was more powerful compared to the contemporary low-priced competition (the Chevrolet I6 and Ford V8) and was close to the V8 engines offered by the medium-priced competition (Oldsmobile and Buick). Amenities include a Hudson-branded AM radio, map pockets, and a lockable glovebox. This 1951 Hudson Hornet is powered by a 308ci flathead straight-six with Twin H-Power carburetors and finished in two-tone metallic green over a brown interior. [11] The combination of the Hudson engine with overall road-ability of the Hornets, plus the fact the cars were over-designed and over-built, made them unbeatable in competition on the dirt and the very few paved tracks of the 1950s. [20] This top-line model included hydraulic window lifts and leather upholstery in either blue, maroon, or green and the fabric tops available in either maroon, black, or tan. We utilize imagery from those ads in a fair use fashion. Hydra-Matic was . Also see How would a facelifted Hudson have fared in 1955?. What is the top speed of a 1951 Hudson Hornet? This Day in Automotive History is product of Spare Change Multimedia LLC, DBA Cars & Copy Inc. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Doc Hudson was originally voiced by Paul Newman and was based on the career of Herb Thomas. Only the top-end Roadmaster hardtop cost more than the Hornet at $3,358. [4], Starting for the 1952 model year, a factory-optional "Twin H-Power" featured twin one-barrel Carter carburetors with greater throat area and improved fuel distribution. 1951 Hudson Hornet Police Car Christmas Ornament!! It is most likely possible that this was actually a teaser of Cars . His car is Doc Hudson in real life. This includes barn finds for sale, muscle cars for sale, vans for sale, station wagons for sale, trucks for sale and other affordable old cars for sale. By May of 1954, Hudson agreed to a merger with Nash-Kelvinator, and the three parties renamed themselves becoming American Motors Corporation. The seller didn't provide much information about it, but it obviously is in need of some . Speed vs RPM graph. The Hornet dominated NASCAR from '51 to '54 and even saw success in NHRA trials and dirt track events for years to come. The original 1951 Hudson had a GM two-speed Power Glide transmission, but Griffin's remade car has GM's Hydra-Matic, a four-speed automatic vastly superior to the Power Glide. $168,000. A 1951 Hudson Pacemaker Custom two-door sedan like this one cost $2,102 to start. In 1953 the hardtops listed for roughly $350 more than the coupes in both the entry-level Wasp and top-of-line Hornet series. For now, he considers his Isuzu D-Max V-Cross, Suzuki Ciaz, and Royal Enfield Classic 500, the three current flames of his life. Question of the Week: What's the Best Factory-Turbocharged Car? 1951 Hudson Hornet Two-Door Coupe. Photo courtesy of NASCAR Archives & Research Center . How much is a Hudson Hornet worth? - KnowledgeBurrow.com Hudson vehicles were assembled in South Africa beginning in the 1920s by Stanley Motors at their plant, National Motor Assemblers (NMA), in Natalspruit (Gauteng). Thanks for sharing. ownership rights to any content, document or other materials viewed through the ), Bernie Seigfried, also engineered the Ford 240-300 Truck Six after he left Hudson and took his OHV Straight-Six designs with him whereupon many features became part of the Truck Six. Super Sixes were numbered from 5A-1001 to 132246. And this is when the Commodore became the Hornet, the most powerful six-cylinder American car at the time. Essentially it would have been the OHV 2nd Hudson Hornet engine had Hudson survived. AMC's subsequent Rambler models were assembled thereafter at VW Motors' new plant in Otahuhu, Auckland from 1958 until 1962. The average new car, back in 1951, cost only $1,700-1,800, so clearly, the Hudson Hornets price is what stung its popularity. The news that Hudson was in financial difficulties and had been essentially taken over by Nash-Kelvinator to form American Motors Corporation during the 1954 model year was known by the car-buying public. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. How on earth did Hudson management think they could carve out a decent niche as a maker of performance cars without a high-volume hardtop? It's a Hudson Hornet, and it's the fastest American car in production that year. Following the demise of the Hudson marque, the British company was renamed Rambler Motors (A.M.C.) The new Hudson was priced in the Buick price range and had a comfortable, well-appointed interior. What years did Hudson make pickups? | Dependable Bidding will advance immediately to $. Aug 19, 2022 6 months ago. Hudson Hornet H-145 Six Hollywood (man. Top Speed for the Hudson Hornet 308 5L - [1954] - AutoSnout.com GuysWithRides.com features classic Hudsons for sale such as this 1951 Hudson Hornet we spotted for sale on the side of the road in June 2019. 1952 Hudson Hornet Sedan - Sports Car Market For the 1970 model year, American Motors resurrected the Hornet name for their new compact car that replaced the Rambler American (see AMC Hornet). The first-generation Hudson Hornets featured a functional "step-down . What kind of engine does a 1951 Hudson Hornet have? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Please enable JavaScript to engage in the discussion on this site. How much fuel ? The Hornet soon began capturing checkered flags and championships over and over again. Compare that to the Buick Special hardtop, whose output almost topped 59,000 units. The Hornet was based upon the Hudson Commodore Eight model line and available in two and four-door sedan, convertible coupe and hardtop coupe. The Hornet Special V-8 hardtop, at $2,512, was $647 less than the big V-8 Hornet hardtop. The Hudson Hornet advertised itself like that, "Fabulous Hudson Hornet, national stock car champion" and it was not an overreach at all. Did you mean to enter this number as a bid? However, the auction estimate is between $80,000 and $120,000. The This is a 1951 hudson hornet sedan, it is a true original survivor. CC-1682675. He currently writes news, features, and listicles for HotCars on anything that has any number or kind of wheels. At 308cuin (5.0L), the L-head (flathead or side-valve) design was the largest displacement six-cylinder engine used in mass-production cars at the time. The seller notes blemishes on one of the rear quarter panels as well as chips around the hood opening. (or top gear if total number of gears <4): extra-urban (up to 62mph/100km/h) / city / highway (up to 87mph/140km/h) / average combined: If you refer to the information from this website, please always indicate www.automobile-catalog.com as a source, with the appropriate link. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The car sat low, giving it an excellent center of gravity. Even production for the pricey DeSoto hardtops reached five figures. It is set to go under the hammer on August 13th, and the owner is offering the Hornet with No Reserve. 3) Tire Sizes, The same class cars with similar performance: 1951 Hudson Hornet H-145 Six Hollywood (man. Although the Hornet's redesign positioned it equally with its contemporaries in terms of looks and style, the redesign came too late to boost sales. 2023 Indian Scout Bobber: Performance, Price, And Photos, Here Are The Key Differences Between Sport Tourers And Adventure Bikes. Production ended when Standard-Triumph International acquired the company in 1954. [45][46] The Hudson Hornet was assembled in right-hand-drive from knock-down kits sourced from Canada. Limited in 1966[51] and continued to import AMC vehicles through the 1970s. The step-down cabin accommodates six passengers and is upholstered in tan cloth with brown vinyl seat backs and carpets. Teague himself claimed he could hop up the car, pushing its top speed to 112 miles per hour. this 1953 Hudson Hornet should be at the top of your list. Reconnected! (click on photo to view enlarged pictures gallery), Cars Catalogue Homepage - Automobile-Catalog. [39] Operations in Tilbury ceased permanently in 1954 following the formation of American Motors Corporation. The exterior contrasts nicely with its Tan interior . DATA: Pacemaker Custom serial numbers. Vehicles with Similar 26.10 HP/Weight Ratio. He is voiced by actor Paul Newman in the first and third films (the latter via unused audio recordings) and the video game, and Corey Burton in all other media. The good times kept on rolling. The Hornet could be had in various body styles too: a four-door sedan, a two-door Club coupe, a Brougham convertible, and a Hollywood hardtop. The very first automobile manufacturer to embrace the world of sports car racing, Hudson over-engineered and over-developed the Hornet where it proved to be almost invincible when it came to stock car racing on the dirt as not many racetracks were paved back in the 1950s. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. "[7], The original Fabulous Hudson Hornet can be found today fully restored in Ypsilanti, Michigan at the Ypsilanti Automotive Heritage Museum, a facility that was formerly home to Miller Motors, the last Hudson dealership in the world.[27]. When you bid we pre-authorize your credit card for the service fee (this helps prevent fraud). Are you sure you want to proceed? RELATED:Here's Why They Stopped Making The Hudson Car. [15] An 8-tube radio was a $100 option. 1951 Hudson Hornet For Sale 10 Used Cars From $4,000 1951 Hudson Cars Fact Sheet - Over-Drive Magazine [26], Hudson was the first automobile manufacturer to get involved in stock car racing. 1951 Hudson Hornet Club Coupe: Is there a doctor in the house? - Autoweek It is an overtaking with gear reduction or kick-down, the best possible times. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. All contents 2023 The best vintage and classic cars for sale online | Bring a Trailer, Privacy Notice As a result of the merger, Toronto-based Nash Motors of Canada Ltd. became American Motors (Canada) Ltd. and all subsequent Hudson, Nash, and Rambler assembly operations continued in Toronto. Motoring Memories: Hudson Hornet, 1951-1954 - Autos.ca Hudson Hornet | Forza Wiki | Fandom The cars soon dominated the league, all starting with a win in its first entry, the 1951 season opener at Daytona. This Day in Automotive History is a transportation history, car history and general automotive history website dedicated to providing informative and entertaining content. The 305 cubic inch engine produced 145 horsepower, but in the hands of Teague and other NASCAR elite, they could tune the engine for more. The 1951 Hudson Hornet was selected as the "Car of the Year" in a book profiling seventy-five years of noteworthy automobiles by automotive journalist Henry Bolles Lent.[52]. Or Mercurys Monterey hardtop, which tallied more than 76,000 units. For more performance figures and . [9] During 1952 and 1953 the Hornet received minor cosmetic enhancements, and still closely resembled the Commodore of 1948. translation, digital conversion and other matters related to the automobile-catalog.com [12] The Hornet "dominated stock car racing in the early-1950s, when stock car racers actually raced stock cars. Taking the traditional Hudson tri-angle, Arbib applied its "V" form in every conceivable manner across the interior and exterior of the car. First, in 1941, rejected by the conservative thinking of A.E. He lives with his wife, two rascally sons and is a car and motorcycle nut in his free time. 1951 Hudson Hornet - Classic, Custom and Hot Rod Car Bulletins [4][9][10], In 1954, power output was increased from 145 to 170hp (108 to 127kW). Below we present more detailed data of the factory claimed performance and the ProfessCars estimation, including all detailed acceleration times, with comprehensive graphic illustration, top speed, accelerations on gears, speed vs rpm and overtaking times. Reproduction of part or all of the contents of this web-site in any form is prohibited and may not be recopied and shared with a third party. [59] Richard M. Langworth describes the first-generation Hornets in his book Complete Book of Collectible Cars: 70 Years of Blue Chip Auto Investments as "the most remembered Hudson of the postwar years, one of the industry's all-time greats. March 1, 1921 Cameron Argetsinger, founder of Watkins Glen International, is born, February 28, 1940 Mario Andretti is born. You are not connected to real-time updates. Its Hollywood hardtop looked decidedly more conservative and generic than the automakers club coupe, with its semi-fastback roofline and lovely rounded rear-quarter windows. Wheel cylinders (Set of 4) - $110. So when the Hudson Hornet was introduced in 1951, with its more powerful 308-ci inline six and a lower center of gravity . 1968 Pontiac GTO HO 4-Speed Hardtop - $54,900. Hudson's in the 1950s had a reputation as being amongst the best American cars for both handling and top speed. The Hudson Hornet was sold in foreign markets, either exported as complete cars or locally built from knock-down kits. Auto History Preservation Society - Tech Pages Article Complete performance review and accelerations chart for Hudson Hornet H-145 Six Hollywood (man. Free shipping for many products! Then, after the war ended, the cars engineers brought the radical design again before Barit, this time the car's handling won him over and he ordered it into production for 1948. #2 Vintage Used 1951 1952 1953 Hudson Steering Wheel Horn Button Brown More recently, foreign [], Did the substantially facelifted 1958 Fords have less-attractive styling than the all-new 1957 models? [34] Two trim levels were available, Super and Custom, with the Custom series including a continental tire carrier, a 16in (406mm) "table-like" center armrest for the rear seat, a padded dashboard, transparent sun visors, and an over the windshield interior package net. 1951 Hudson Hornet is a "people's car, a hit with adults and kids alike. Some product and company names mentioned on this site may be trademarks of their respective owners. Now retired, the Hudson Hornet is a classic today and is still undervalued as ever, with Concours models of the 1951 debut year coming in at about $44,000. That would made a interesting what if? scenario had Hudson had accepted OHV V8s. Hudson Hornet 308 5L - Top Speed: The Hudson Hornet 308 5L has a 5047cc 12v St6 N/A engine with a 3 speed/ Auto transmission. A manual-shift Hornet was capable of 0-60 mph (0-97 km/h) in less than 14 seconds and a top speed of around 97 mph (156 km/h), very respectable for the time. . He is also penning pop culture, lifestyle and all things rich for TheRichest. In defense of the bland 2022 Toyota Corolla Cross, A tendency toward groupthink has been a chronic problem in the American automobile industry since the mid-50s. Richard Langworth wrote that the Hudson hardtop was built like the convertibles, rather individually, and beefed-up to absorb the stresses of a pillarless window line (1993, p. 61). $90,000 - $120,000 | Without Reserve. Worldwide vintage autos is pleased to present this 1951hudson hornet. If you win the auction, your card will be charged for the service fee and you pay the seller directly for the vehicle. For 1951, the car was powered by Hudson's H-145 high compression in-line L-head six 308ci engine with two-barrel carburetor producing 145 hp at 3800rpm. Hudson Twin H-Power 6-Cylinder - Speedway Motors Museum of American Speed "[30], As the first entirely new car from American Motors, the 1955 Hudson emerged conservatively styled compared to the competition. Hudson called the design "step-down" because the floorboards were lower than the doorsills and you stepped down to enter the car.Although normal today, this was the first mass-produced car to mount the floor at the bottom of the frame rails instead of on top of them. The original 1951 Hudson had a GM two-speed Power Glide transmission, but Griffin's remade car has GM's Hydra-Matic, a four speed automatic vastly superior to the Power Glide. We encourage you to share our page and connect with us on Facebook or sign up for our automotive history newsletter at the top of this page. Hudsons were luxuriously appointed . By Greg Gjerdingen from Willmar, USA. No longer built on the "Step-down" platform, all Hudsons were now based on the senior Nash models, but featuring distinctive Hudson styling themes. Your bid has been posted in the comment flow on the listing, and you can see other bids there as they happen. - Performance Data, Hudson Hornet H-145 Six Hollywood (man. Inside the Fabulous Hudson Hornets, 1951-57 - Mac's Motor City Garage An innovative full-size car that was among the first to feature a perimeter frame and the company's 'step-down" design, the Hudson became a legend when it started dominating NASCAR in the early . Its flowing, curvy lines and enclosed rear wheels gave it aerodynamic features. The name would carry on through 1957 before disappearing completely. [35], The 1956 design failed to excite buyers and Hudson Hornet sales decreased to 8,152 units, of which 6,512 were four-door sedans and 1,640 Hollywood two-door hardtops.[31]. Four-door Hornet sedans can command $7,000 to $15,000, while 1954-only Specials bring $5,000 to $11,000. Dave Bonbright served as an historian for the film, "Cars," and helped inform the filmmakers on their decision to choose a Hudson for the character, "Doc Hud. . 29,900 1951 Hudson HORNET - ORIGINAL INLINE 6 ENGINE! Engineers added extra steel and braces until the car was as strong as a bridge. [33], Along with Nash, the new Hudsons had the widest front seats in the industry. The lower the times, the drive is more relaxing and driver less often needs to change gears during overtaking or hill climbing. No rust or rot but the paint could use a . The Boston Molasses Disaster: Causes of the Molasses Tank Explosioexplosion, March 3, 2009 Maybach pays tribute to its past with release of Zeppelin, March 2, 1969 First flight of the Concorde. Our goal is to enlighten our readers by producing and publishing automotive content on a wide range of topics, including famous cars, important automotive inventors and engineers and other historic automobile related events, places and people. [53], First-generation Hudson Hornets are legendary for their NASCAR racing history and Jay Leno lists the 1951-1954 models as one of the "top ten of America's most collectible cars". Reproduction of part or all of the contents of this web-site in any form is prohibited and may not be recopied and shared with a third party. So why didn't certain other carmakers use it? I wonder if part of the problem was management thinking, Its a hardtop, its one of our top-of-the-line models, so it cant look like our basic two-door sedan. Which resulted in compromises and decisions that locked in the hardtops price.
Contrast The Townspeople Point Of View Of Lady Of Shalott,
Berkley Bridge Opening Schedule Today,
Florida Keys Homes For Sale Under $300,000,
Christopher Kinahan Jnr,
Articles OTHER