Mark C. Bumgardner, 61, McConnelsville, drug paraphernalia, $100. Arraignments. The Recorders office is responsible to file, record and index every document they receive and to make it accessible to the public. Brittany N. Webb, 25, Homeless, drug paraphernalia, petty theft, 69 days in jail. Sentencings. The Muskingum County Recorders Online Records System was created and is maintained by the Muskingum County Recorder. Lynnsey M. Knofski, 26, Zanesville, disorderly conduct, $125. Lindsay Fields, 35, of Zanesville, pleaded guilty to three fifth-degree felony counts of possession of methamphetamine, one fifth-degree felony count of possession of oxycodone, two fifth-degree felony counts of possession of alprazolam, one first-degree misdemeanor count of OVI and one first-degree misdemeanor count of endangering children. Monday - Friday: 8:00am - 5:00pm. Amanda Campbell and Michael Campbell. Stay informed with both Zanesville Ohio news as well as headlines and stories from around the world. Since 1921, the clerk of courts has also operated the auto title office, which determines motor vehicle ownership. Dec. 23. Search tips: When searching by name , be as specific as possible. Learn more today by visiting their website : https://www.sos.state.oh.us/notary/information/. Randall Adkins Jr. was charged with tampering with evidence, a third-degree felony, possession of drugs, methamphetamine with a major drug offender and forfeiturespecifications, a first-degree felony trafficking in drugs, methamphetamine, with major drug offender and forfeiture specifications, a first-degree felony, possession of drugs, methamphetamine with a forfeiture specification, a second-degree felony, possession of drugs, methamphetamine with a forfeiture specification, a third-degree felony and falsification, a first-degree misdemeanor. You may search electronic records from this website, just as you would from my office. If I can be of assistance or if you have any questions, please feel free to contact me by phone at (740) 455-7104 or by email wlsowers@muskingumcounty.org . Kaden Wilkey, 22, of Zanesville, was sentenced to five-and-a-half to eight years in prison on one second-degree felony count of trafficking in drugs . Samuel Meek, 27, who is homeless, was sentenced to 18 months in prison in addition to the remainder of his post-release control on one fourth-degree felony count of failure to register as a sex offender, address change, one fifth-degree felony count of possession of drugs, fentanyl-related compound and two first-degree misdemeanor counts of falsification. Gina Inman was charged with burglary, a second-degree felony,theft, a first-degree misdemeanor, possession of drugs, methamphetamine, a fifth-degree felony and possession of drug abuse instruments, a first-degree misdemeanor. Ohio corruption trial: Householder, Borges rest their cases. Julie Sellars was charged with possession of drugs, a fifth-degree felony, theft, a first-degree misdemeanor and possession of drug abuse instruments, a second-degree misdemeanor . Zanesville Times Recorder. Muskingum County Court: (740) 455-7138 Divorces. We are open Monday through Friday, 8:30am to 4:30pm. Jelissa N. Atkins, 27, Zanesville, obstructing, child endanger, $500, 10 days in jail. Site developed & maintained by iTrack, llc. Tazia R. Ball, 32, Zanesville, financial responsibility, cracked windshield, failure to display registration, $250. In creating a state judicial system in the 1802 Ohio State Constitution provided for the appointment of a clerk of courts for each county. Patricia Miller, 39, of Zanesville, pleaded guilty to one fourth-degree felony count of trespass in a habitation. Scott A. Hamric, 47, New Concord, OVI, failure to control, 195 days in jail, $1,000, license suspended two years. The records in the Recorders Office are utilized by attorneys, genealogists, surveyors, general public and land title examiners. David E. Dobbins, 23, 2180 Licking Road, Zanesville, criminal trespass, obstructing official business, $300 plus costs, 45 days in jail. If I can be of assistance or if you have any questions, please feel free to contact me by phone at (740) 455-7104 or by email wlsowers@muskingumcounty.org. Locally, Cindy is a member of the Muskingum County Township Association, the Farm Bureau, the Cattlemans Association, and serves as an Alternate Member of the Perry Township Zoning Commission. Branden L. Brearley, 28, Zanesville, no operator license, $100. Clarence E. Davis II, 31, Zanesville, assault, $350, 120 days in jail. No certification or authenticity can be assumed regarding the accuracy of the information provided by this system. Muskingum County Recorder. Privacy Policy | Lynnett A. Potts, 34, Zanesville, possession of drug instrument, 20 days in jail. Zanesville Municipal Court: (740) 454-3269. On January 6, 2020, . Bound for A-town: New Lex nips top seed for Convo bid, Ohio State pulls off 81-79 win over Michigan, Indiana rematch next, Smith-Njigba: OSU would have won national title if not for his injury, Stroud says he was torn about decision to leave OSU for the NFL, East Palestine train derailment: This week's big developments, Friends, UC teammates Tyler Scott, Tre Tucker join in journey to NFL, Auto theft suspect leads to long chase, search, Isaac Likekele keeps focus where feet are during tough Ohio State year, MLB pitch clock is working to shorten games, but it's an adjustment, OSU looks to capitalize on fresh start in Big Ten Tournament, Position preview: Spring practice to begin OSU's kicking competition, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. Court Case No. Shoffstall Funeral Home, Zanesville, Ohio obituaries WorldCat. On a second case, Williams pleaded guilty to a prosecutor's bill of information containing nine first-degree misdemeanor counts of tampering with coin machines, three fifth-degree felony counts of possession of criminal tools, six fifth-degree felony counts of vandalism, one fifth-degree felony count of breaking and entering and one fifth-degree felony count of theft. The clerk of courts maintains the records of the court of common pleas and various courts which have exercised appellate jurisdiction on the county level. Cindy has also been involved with many charitable organizations including the Carr Center, Operation Feed, Big Brothers Big Sisters and was the co-chair for the Government Division of the 2010-2011 United Way campaign. Judge Kelly Cottrill. Sept. 9. Users creating their own hyperlinks to pages on this site are requested and cautioned to do so in a manner which maintains a clear distinction between the users content and official content published by this system. Feb. 5. James E. Seals Jr., 36, 8545 New Hope Road, Norwich, hit/skip, failure to control, $550 plus costs, six days in jail, $2,226.62 in restitution. Shawn A. Tina M. Johnson, 37, 86 Eagleview Drive, Zanesville, failure to reinstate, $150 plus costs. Disclaimer | The Zanesville Times Recorder is a daily newspaper based in Zanesville, Ohio, . Cynthia K. Stover, 63, Frazeysburg, petty theft, $150. David Dobbins was charged with arson, a fourth-degree felony, vandalism, a fifth-degree felony and breaking and entering, a fifth-degree felony. Austin Mayle was charged with one count of OVI, his third in 10 years, a fourth-degree felony, one count of OVI, refusal, also his third in 10 years, a fourth-degree felony, driving under suspension, a first-degree misdemeanor and driving under suspension, a first-degree misdemeanor. Michael A. Shaffer, 39, Philo, speeding, seat belt, violation of restriction, 30 days in jail. To obtain certified copies of documents contained in the official records or certification of the official records you must appear in person at the Recorders Office, located at 401 Main Street, Zanesville, Ohio, 43701 and request such certification of copies or such copies can be requested in writing by mail or by phone. Randy G. Stanford, 61, Zanesville, petty theft, $250. Troyt V. Suttles, 35, Zanesville, violation of restriction, seat belt, 45 days in jail. Please feel free to visit our office Monday-Friday, 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. We are closed on all legal holidays. Jay A. Southall, 48, 293 Zanesville Road, Roseville, seat belt, $150 plus costs. No warranty or guarantee is provided or implied through the availability of this system. PROVISIONS CONTAINED IN ANY DEED OR OTHER INSTRUMENT FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF A DWELLING WHICH RESTRICT THE SALE, RENTAL OR USE OF THE PROPERTY BECAUSE OF RACE OR COLOR ARE INVALID UNDER FEDERAL LAW AND ARE UNENFORCEABLE. What records are available on your website? Site-Map Sincerely, Ashley Moore was charged with possession of drugs, methamphetamine with a forfeiture specification, a second-degree felony and trafficking in drugs, methamphetamine with a forfeiture specification, a second-degree Felony. Adam M. Nicholson, 34, Zanesville, driving under suspension, traffic device, driving under suspension financial responsibility, $575. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. . You can call them at (740) 455-7113. The telephone number is: (614) 469-6638. All rights reserved. Where can I apply for a marriage license? Users formulating or constructing their own search or query URLs in attempting to bypass the database query parsers and directly access the database search engines or documents will be permanently denied access to the database, without notice, as such efforts may lead to incorrectly formulated queries which may jeopardize proper operation of the database servers. Bryan E. Kelly Jr., 28, 2080 Arch Hill Road, Zanesville, OVI, failure to reinstate, marked lanes, $650 plus costs, 20 days in jail, one-year license suspension, 12 months probation. Due to limitations of equipment and bandwidth, this system is not intended as a source of information for those seeking copies of large quantities of records. This site was designed to provide information to the people of Muskingum and surrounding counties. Efforts to obtain bulk downloads of data from this system without prior approval of the Recorder will be detected and stopped. This is handled through the Probate Court. Damon D. Downard, 30, Zanesville, criminal trespass, 30 days in jail. Todd has served our community for 28 years and will be eternally missed. Frederick W. Dunaway, 40, Zanesville, possession of drug instrument, 4200, 15 days in jail. The Muskingum County Common Pleas Clerk of Courts Online Records System was created and is maintained by the Muskingum County Clerk of Courts and the Muskingum County Information Technology Department. I owe Court Costs, do you have a payment plan? You may search electronic court records from this website, just as you would in my office. 32, Zanesville, financial responsibility, cracked windshield, failure to . Donald L. Hoppstatter, 46, 2020 Montgomery Ave., Zanesville, domestic violence, 10 days in jail, court costs. Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. Privacy Policy | Codified Ordinances. If using first and last name, enter last name then first name separated by a comma and a space ', '. The system is intended as a convenience to the citizens of Muskingum County for the purpose of obtaining public record information regarding Property Records filed in Muskingum County. Their telephone number is: (740) 454-9741. If you include a check in that amount, we will bill you for any additional fee if the cost is more. Bankruptcy cases are filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court-Southern District of Ohio-Eastern Division. Ohio corruption trial: Householder, Borges rest their cases. Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, 224 E. Main Street, Lancaster, OH 43130. Website Accessibility Statement | Cindy Rodgers was appointed to the position of Muskingum County Recorder on June 4, 2012. This court also maintains the records of all domestic relations matter. Vinyl4u's owner, Dang Ai Dan, used to sell parts of his personal collection piecemeal over the internet and out of his house. Juvenile and Probate Records are handled by the Juvenile and Probate Courts. Stacie B. Johnson, 47, Zanesville, OVI, driving under suspension, improper lane change, $300, 60 days in jail. Greg B. Lentz, 44, Adamsville, drug paraphernalia, traffic device, $350, 5 days in jail. Christopher F. McMullen, 18, Zanesville, contributing to minor, $200. Brad A. Morgan, 46, Zanesville, disorderly conduct, $125. She must also pay $500 in restitution. Cindy is a member of the Ohio Recorders Association (ORA) and serves on the Records Commission Board for Muskingum County. Site developed & maintained by iTrack, llc. Megan N. McManes, 24, 172 Hamline Ave., Zanesville, driving under suspension, seat belt, $125 plus costs, 100 hours community service. The Recorder also serves on the countys Record Commission which oversees the retention and disposal of the county records. Probate Court handles marriage licenses. Do your records show both pending and closed cases? Matches. Melissa Oriain, 50, of Zanesville, was sentenced to three years of community control and 42 days in jail on one fourth-degree felony count of assault on a peace officer, one second-degree misdemeanor count of resisting arrest, one first-degree misdemeanor count of failure to comply and one first-degree misdemeanor count of leaving the scene of an accident. All rights reserved. East District Basketball: Maysville's Jarrett, Brown headline area honorees, Thousands of Ohio children with long COVID could be misdiagnosed, East District Basketball All-Stars 2022-23, Zanesville man involved in shooting killed by return fire, Public Records: Muskingum County Real Estate Transfers. Please note the effective date of our indexes when researching records online, as the Court became automated on 10/17/1994. Louise Chevalier, 36, 1773 Township Road 195, New Lexington, drug paraphernalia, possession of drug abuse instruments, $450 plus costs. Originally, the clerk of courts was appointed by the judges of the court of common pleas for a seven-year term. Case Number 2022 PA 00267. 25 50 100 250. The main types of cases available include: Our internet records go back to 10/17/1994. Visit www.ohiomuskingumsheriff.org/sales.htm. The Muskingum County Recorders Office contains records dating back to 1803. Saul A. Bernard,36, Zanesville, criminal trespass, theft by deception, $450, 15 days in jail. Rebecca A. Eppley, 51, Dresden, expired plates, $100. No certification or authenticity can be assumed regarding the accuracy of the information provided by this system. Keith A. Styers, 48, 5590 Cemetary Road, Fultonham, theft, $250 plus costs, 90 days in jail. He must also forfeit the firearm seized in the matter. Bay, 51, Zanesville, driving under suspension, $250. Our online records are up to the minute but does not reflect any updates or rulings that have not been entered into our system. Bound for A-town: New Lex nips top seed for Convo bid Girls Basketball: Howe, Spicer tabbed MVL POYs Granville stifles John Glenn, makes Elite 8 for first time since '94 Auto theft suspect leads . Michael T. Wolfe, 57, 5375 Sherman Drive, Roseville, alcohol in a motor vehicle, $200 plus costs. The information contained in this system is not warranted for accuracy and should not be relied upon for any legal purpose. Jesse R. Brennan, 22, Zanesville, short cutting, $125. Cristene D. Stanford, 52, Zanesville, petty theft, $250. Usage of this site constitutes acceptance of the terms and conditions in this disclaimer. Call the proper Court Division to make payment arrangements or for other questions related to court costs. Teresa Chappelear, 46, of Zanesville, pleaded guilty to one fourth-degree felony count off possession of methamphetamine. The Clerk of Courts title department issues titles for motor vehicles, motorcycles, off-road bikes, ATVs, travel trailers, campers, mobile homes and watercraft boats, motors and jet skis or wave runners. William E. Burke Jr., 38, Pickerington, OVI, marked lanes, failure to display registration, three days in jail, $375, license suspended one year. The system is intended as a convenience to the citizens of Muskingum County for the purpose of obtaining public record information regarding Criminal and Civil cases filed in the General Division Common Pleas Court, Court of Appeals cases in the Fifth District Appellate Court of Ohio, and Domestic Relations cases filed in the Domestic Relations Common Pleas Court. He must forfeit the firearm. The records of the common pleas court pertain to all civil cases in which the amount or matter in dispute exceeds the statutory jurisdiction of county or municipal courts, and all felony criminal cases. Shanna Taylor, 40, whose address is unknown, was sentenced to one year in prison on one fourth-degree felony count of theft of a motor vehicle, as well as one fifth-degree felony count of theft of a credit card, one fifth-degree felon count of theft with an elderly victim, one fifth-degree felony count of identity fraud and one fifth-degree felony count of telecommunications fraud in a separate case. How do I find out when a court hearing or trial is being held? Talena L. Morrison, 48, Zanesville, telephone harassment, $150. For instructions on how to search Historical Indexes, go to the Forms link & click on the OIB Training Sheet. He was born on Sept. 21, 1926 in Somerset . You (or your representative) can either come to the Clerk of Courts office or request a copy by mail. A lifelong resident of Muskingum County, Cindy resides east of Zanesville in Perry Township with her husband, Justin. Jeremy Clapper was charged with possession of drugs, a fifth-degree felony. Duplicates for lost or stolen titles and memorandums can also be issued through our office. 2023 www.zanesvilletimesrecorder.com. HANOI ROCKS Dead By Christmas 1986 Double vinyl LP + FLEXI EXCELLENT CONDITION. Sofia Arcayan Dungo Saique and Elbert Soriano Saique, John Tyler Roberts and Heather Jo Roberts, John M. Campbell and Patricia M. Campbell. The East District Soccer Coaches Association recently released their all-district squads and area teams were well-represented. Property records are handled by the Muskingum County Recorder. George R. Newman Jr., 43, Zanesville, criminal trespass, $100. Cindy Rodgers Rodger A. Osborn, 55, 2065 N. Hopewell road, Hopewell, OVI, marked lanes, $375 plus costs, three days in jail, six-month license suspension. Records from Muskingum County Court. Their hours of operations are: Benjamin J. Ferrell, 40, Zanesville, OVI, no seat belt, right side of road, $580, 3 days in jail. The dockets (summary) of cases filed in the Civil/Criminal Division and the Domestic Relations Division of the Muskingum County Common Pleas Court are available for public viewing on our website. Eric R. Lemaster, 37, Zanesville, fictitious registration, $200. Douglas G. Patch, 51, 671 Moull St., Newark, OVI, driving under suspension, marked lanes, seat belt, $1,625, 180 days in jail, two year license suspension, two years probation. Gregory A. Lyons, 53, 2155 Galena Ave., Zanesville, OVI, equipment misuse, $400 plus costs, three days in jail, 180-day license suspension. Gwenda Dyer, 36, of Zanesville, was sentenced to 30 months in prison on one third-degree felony count of burglary, one fifth-degree felony count of possession of criminal tools and one first-degree misdemeanor count of theft. wing the execution of a search warrant on Oct. 26, at Sophie's Relax Massage on Southgate Parkway. 2020 Montgomery Ave., Zanesville, domestic violence, 10 days in jail, court costs. Keith A. Wickham, 35, Zanesville, aggravated menacing, criminal trespass, $150, 20 days in jail. Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. Website Accessibility Statement | . Mayor's Office. Their telephone number is: (740) 455-7113. Vernon W. Chanay, 23, 685 Flint Ridge Road, Hopewell, aggravated menacing, $400 plus costs, 10 days in jail. Sunday: 7:00am - 11:00am Jodee L. Morgan, 36, 5615 Marin Lane, Zanesville, disorderly conduct, $150 plus costs, 12 months probation. Birth and death records are available through the Muskingum County Health Department. Site-Map Records from the Muskingum County Auditor show the downtown building was sold from Gannett to Tofino LLC in 2015, with the City of Zanesville subsequent purchasing the property in 2016. . You can call for information at (740) 455-7113. Carolyn M. Burrell, 50, Zanesville, petty theft, $200, 5 days in jail. Gage L. Smith, 22, Zanesville, OVI, speeding, 10 days in jail, $375, license suspended one year. The title of the best record-hunting spot in Hanoi is jointly held by two businesses that share a small, red room on a quiet sidestreet, a few blocks south of Hanoi's Old Quarter. Muskingum County Court record. If I can be of future assistance or if you have any questions, please contact me at (740) 455-7107 or send an email to recorder@muskingumcounty.org. Civil/Criminal: (740) 455-7104 We invite you to browse our site and hope you will visit often. Michael Myers, 30, whose address is unknown, pleaded guilty to one fifth-degree felony count of escape. IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO IN ADMIRALTY CASE NO. ET SEQ. Kelsi Hill and Terrance Hill. Michael Eskey, 54, of Duncan Falls, was sentenced to 10 months in prison on one fifth-degree felony count of improperly furnishing firearms to a minor. Dallas R. Mettler, 19, Zanesville, disorderly conduct, $200. Ruth M. Newell, 32, Zanesville, speeding 53/35, $100. Sunday Times Signal 1928-34, 1937-51, 1954, and 1956-59 (Newspaper: Zanesville, Ohio) Ancestry. She also serves on the Convention & Visitors Bureau Board. Share. Clyde T. Bowers Jr., 20, Huber Heights, no operator license, $250. If you have any questions please contact the Muskingum County Recorders Office at (740) 455-7107. Our office does not handle the setting of court dates. If I can be of future assistance or if you have any questions, please contact me at (740) 455-7107 or send an email to recorder@muskingumcounty.org . Welcome to the Muskingum County Recorders Online Records System. They do not have internet access to their records. Jonathan P. Steele, 22, Zanesville, driving under suspension, traffic device, $550. Jonathan Johnson, 31, Zanesville, OVI, driving under suspension, no seat belt, reckless operation, $630, 3 days in jail. Charles D. Johnson, 28, Columbus, drug paraphernalia, $250. David Angelo was charged with three counts of breaking and entering, fifth-degree felonies and three counts of theft, first-degree misdemeanors. Bound for A-town: New Lex nips top seed for Convo bid, Ohio State pulls off 81-79 win over Michigan, Indiana rematch next, Smith-Njigba: OSU would have won national title if not for his injury, Stroud says he was torn about decision to leave OSU for the NFL, East Palestine train derailment: This week's big developments, Friends, UC teammates Tyler Scott, Tre Tucker join in journey to NFL, Auto theft suspect leads to long chase, search, Isaac Likekele keeps focus where feet are during tough Ohio State year, MLB pitch clock is working to shorten games, but it's an adjustment, OSU looks to capitalize on fresh start in Big Ten Tournament, Position preview: Spring practice to begin OSU's kicking competition, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. 2023 All Rights Reserved | Jessica A. Noel, 19, 647 Spangler Drive, Zanesville, disorderly conduct, $150 plus costs. Darrel E. Schultz, 44, Zanesville, criminal trespass, $100, 10 days in jail. Where can I get a copy of my divorce decree or other documents in a case? Joshua L. Minner, 33, Nashport, physical control, OVI, 10 days in jail, $250, license suspended six months. Ric A. Clifton, 49, 311 Elm St., Duncan Falls, theft, $100 plus costs, 20 hours community service. 1 Comment 4 Shares. Christin J. Smiley, 36, Zanesville, disorderly conduct, obstructing official business, $250. Computerized certificate of titles are issued to individuals and businesses who purchase cars, trucks, boats, mobile homes, ATVs, motorcycles, RVs, jet skis, etc. Divorces. CV2022-0004 Muskingum County Treasurer v. George R. Haines, et al. 2023 www.zanesvilletimesrecorder.com. (740) 455-2767. Eric R. Atkinson, 31, 6250 Tanglewood Drive, Nashport, speed, $150 plus costs. You can search by a name, to see a list of any cases in which the person is a party. Parcel: 29-61-06-10-000 Address: 4 W. Fourth St, Frazeysburg Owner's Last Address: Zanesville Times Recorder | Legal Notices. 2328 June ParkwaySouth Zanesville, OH 43701 Crystal L. Wortman, 48, 8005 Main St., Adamsville, failure to control, OVI, $800 plus costs, 120 days in jail, two-year license suspension. James McCarty was charged with involuntary manslaughter, a first-degree felony and failure to provide care, a fourth-degree felony. The Muskingum County Clerk of Courts would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to our website. Effective April 1, 2011, if you want to search records prior to the above dates, you will need to click on the Historical Indexes tab. Kyle C. Hutchinson, 28, Zanesville, fail to disclose, $200. All rights reserved. Kaden Wilkey, 22, of Zanesville, was sentenced to five-and-a-half to eight years in prison on one second-degree felony count of trafficking in drugs, fentanyl-related compound, with a juvenile specification and one fourth-degree felony count of improper handling of a firearm in a motor vehicle while loaded with a forfeiture specification. Bradley A. Searls, 38, Zanesville, theft, 30 days in jail. 2023 www.zanesvilletimesrecorder.com. Also, the 5th District Court of Appeals are shown. Latasha A. Stout, 25, 2085 Gorsuch Road, Nashport, theft, five days in jail, court costs, five days in jail, 12 months probation. Users packaging pages from this Web site hyperlinked within frames are requested and cautioned to properly identify this system provided content. Taylor R. Harris, 29, Zanesville, petty theft, $250, 15 days in jail. In the event this system is unavailable for any reason, including but not limited to technical difficulties, the Muskingum County Recorders Office assumes no responsibility to restore this system within any predetermined period of time. Meagan R. Lehner, 30, Zanesville, theft, 14 days in jail. Zanesville is a city in and the county seat of Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. Court Records. Snouffer Funeral Home, Zanesville, Ohio obituaries WorldCat. Becca M. Sellars, 20, Zanesville, speeding 35/25, no operator license, $100. AUTHORITY: FAIR HOUSING ACT, TITLE VIII OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1968, 42 U. S. C., PP3601. Joe Fairley, 44, Norwood, Mass., petty theft, $250. Please note the various effective dates of our indexes when researching online, (Deeds 1977) (Mortgages 1976) (Liens & Misc 1975) (Leases 1981) (Military Discharges 1965) (Plats 1800) (UCCs 1993).