(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "PARKS AND RECREATION"). I'm shankar Vedantam in the 2002 rom com. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. There was no such thing as looking up what it originally meant. It's never happened. Everyone wants to be loved and appreciated. If I give you a bunch of pictures to lay out and say this is telling you some kind of story and you - and they're disorganized, when an English speaker organizes those pictures, they'll organize them from left to right. These relationships can help you feel cared for and connected. So LOL was an internet abbreviation meaning laugh out loud or laughing out loud, but LOL in common usage today doesn't necessarily mean hysterical laughter. But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? So you can think about an un-gendered person in the same way that I might think about a person without a specific age or specific height or specific color shirt. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often untranslatable. Podcasters use the RadioPublic listener relationship platform to build lasting connections with fans. And I was telling this person about someone I knew back in America. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way, and you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it. Can I get some chicken? I'm Shankar Vedantam. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. If you are a podcaster, the best way to manage your podcasts on Listen Notes is by claiming your Listen Notes The only question was in which way. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. That kind of detail may not appear. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. Writing has come along relatively recently. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. That is utterly arbitrary that those little slits in American society look elderly, but for various chance reasons, that's what those slits came to mean, so I started wearing flat-fronted pants. Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose - Google Podcasts MCWHORTER: Those are called contronyms, and literally has become a new contronym. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. BORODITSKY: I spoke really terrible Indonesian at the time, so I was trying to practice. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. Thank you for helping to keep the podcast database up to date. Updated privacy policy: We have made some changes to our Privacy Policy. VEDANTAM: The word chair is feminine in Italian. I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. So bilinguals are kind of this in-between case where they can't quite turn off their other languages, but they become more prominent, more salient when you are actually speaking the language or surrounded by the language. So that, again, is a huge difference. Imagine you meet somebody, they're 39 and you take their picture. We use a lot of music on the show! I want everybody to have the fun I'm having. MCWHORTER: Yeah. Who Do You Want To Be? - Hidden Brain (pdcast) | Listen Notes * Data source: directly measured on Listen Notes. So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. Perspectives on the Situation by Harry T. Reis, and John G. Holmes, in The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012. - so one skull but two different minds, and you shift from one to the other. 437 Episodes Produced by Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Website. Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Dont Know, by Adam Grant, 2021. BORODITSKY: And when they were trying to act like Wednesday, they would act like a woman BORODITSKY: Which accords with grammatical gender in Russian. BORODITSKY: Actually, one of the first people to notice or suggest that this might be the case was a Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson. Transcript 585: In Defense of Ignorance Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard. It can be almost counterintuitive to listen to how much giggling and laughing you do in ordinary - actually rather plain exchanges with people. by Harry T. Reis, Annie Regan, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? The dictionary says both uses are correct. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. But if you prefer life - the unpredictability of life - then living language in many ways are much more fun. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. Hidden Brain. Languages are not just tools. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? MCWHORTER: Exactly. You may also use the Hidden Brain name in invitations sent to a small group of personal contacts for such purposes as a listening club or discussion forum. So what happens is that once literally comes to feel like it means really, people start using it in figurative constructions such as I was literally dying of thirst. This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes . I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. VEDANTAM: Around the world, we often hear that many languages are dying, and there are a few megalanguages that are growing and expanding in all kinds of ways. You would give a different description to mark that it was not intentional. Copyright 2023 Steno. Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Andrew J. Elliot, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999. This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how these techniques can be used for both good and evil. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. Hidden Brain - Transcripts If you take literally in what we can think of as its earliest meaning, the earliest meaning known to us is by the letter. You can support Hidden Brain indirectly by giving to your local NPR station, or you can provide direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page. It's testament to the incredible ingenuity and complexity of the human mind that all of these different perspectives on the world have been invented. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. And so somebody says something literally, somebody takes a point literally. As you're going about your day, you likely interact with family, friends and coworkers. It turns out, as you point out, that in common usage, literally literally means the opposite of literally. Whats going on here? This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to savor the beauty in nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. All of the likes and, like, literallies (ph) might sometimes grate on your nerves, but John McWhorter says the problem might be with you, not with the way other people speak. BORODITSKY: That's a wonderful question. This week on Hidden Brain, psychologist Adam Grant describes the magic th Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment, by Soonhee Lee, Ronald D. Rogge, and Harry T. Reis, Psychological Science, 2010. Hidden Brain Claim By Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Podcasts RSS Web PODCAST SEARCH EPISODES COMMUNITY PODCASTER EDIT SHARE Listen Score LS 84 Global Rank TOP 0.01% ABOUT THIS PODCAST Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. VEDANTAM: John McWhorter, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. Many people have this intuition that, oh, I could never learn that; I could never survive in a community like this. Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. You're not going to do any of the things that are seen as a foundation of our technological society. (LAUGHTER) VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. And I would really guess that in a few decades men will be doing it, too. Those are quirks of grammar literally in stone. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. VEDANTAM: So all this raises a really interesting question. Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Aug 2, 2021 You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Play 51 min playlist_add Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. : A Data-Driven Prescription to Redefine Professional Success, Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? Only a couple hundred languages - or if you want to be conservative about it, a hundred languages - are written in any real way and then there are 6,800 others. When she was 12, her family came to the United States from the Soviet Union. And what he noticed was that when people were trying to act like Monday, they would act like a man. This week on Hidden Brain, we explore how unconscious bias can infect a culture and how a police shooting may say as much about a community as it does about individuals. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. And they asked me all kinds of questions about them. So the way you say hi in Kuuk Thaayorre is to say, which way are you heading? Hidden Brain explores the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior and questions that lie at the heart of our complex and changing world. ), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, 2004. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to eat. ), The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures, 2018. We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. Because were a small team, we dont have a publicly-available list of every piece of music that we use. LERA BORODITSKY: The categorization that language provides to you becomes real - becomes psychologically real. And why do some social movements take off and spread, while others fizzle? Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. And dead languages never change, and some of us might prefer those. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. If you're a monolingual speaker of one of these languages, you're very likely to say that the word chair is masculine because chairs are, in fact, masculine, right? Each generation hears things and interprets things slightly differently from the previous one. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. So for example, for English speakers - people who read from left to right - time tends to flow from left to right. But can you imagine someone without imagining their gender? But I understand that in Spanish, this would come out quite differently. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. And so I set myself the goal that I would learn English in a year, and I wouldn't speak Russian to anyone for that whole first year. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. MCWHORTER: Yes, that's exactly true. This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality even when the facts dont back us up. And you've conducted experiments that explore how different conceptions of time in different languages shape the way we think about the world and shape the way we think about stories. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where. Learn more. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. VEDANTAM: Many of us have dictionaries at home or at work, John. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often, untranslatable. How does that sound now? We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. BORODITSKY: My family is Jewish, and we left as refugees. Sometimes you just have to suck it up. Sociologist Lisa Wade believes the pervasive hookup culture on campuses today is different from that faced by previous generations. If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. 4.62. Relationships 2.0: What Makes Relationships Thrive | Hidden Brain Media Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. Marcus Butt/Getty Images/Ikon Images Hidden Brain Why Nobody Feels Rich by Shankar Vedantam , Parth Shah , Tara Boyle , Rhaina Cohen September 14, 2020 If you've ever flown in economy class. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. And that is an example of a simple feature of language - number words - acting as a transformative stepping stone to a whole domain of knowledge. We couldnt survive without the many public radio stations that support our show and they cant survive without you. But what most people mean is that there'll be slang, that there'll be new words for new things and that some of those words will probably come from other languages. See you next week. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. Language was talk. And the way you speak right is not by speaking the way that people around you in your life speak, but by speaking the way the language is as it sits there all nice and pretty on that piece of paper where its reality exists. You can run experiments in a lab or survey people on the street. If you grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your native tongue without even thinking about it. Official Website Airs on: SUN 7pm-8pm 55:27 Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Feb 27 Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. You do the hokey pokey and you turn yourself around. Hidden Brain | Hidden Brain Media So I think it's something that is quite easy for humans to learn if you just have a reason to want to do it. Transcript The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. They are ways of seeing the world. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more elusive the harder we chase it, and what we can do instead to build a lasting sense of contentment. Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, by Kennon M. Sheldon, Motivation Science, 2020. Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, by Peter A. Caprariello and Harry T. Reis, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2011. Please note that your continued use of the RadioPublic services following the posting of such changes will be deemed an acceptance of this update. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. If it is the first time you login, a new account will be created automatically. And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. And this is NPR. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. One study that I love is a study that asked monolingual speakers of Italian and German and also bilingual speakers of Italian and German to give reasons for why things are the grammatical genders that they are. It might irritate you slightly to hear somebody say something like, I need less books instead of fewer books. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. - you would have to say something like, my arm got broken, or it so happened to me that my arm is broken. And there are all kinds of interesting, useful, eye-opening ideas that exist in all of the world's languages. Hidden Brain - KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its something we can develop from within. That's how much cultural heritage is lost. I'm . The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts 51 min You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Social Sciences Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. Elon Musk's brain chips, starvation in Somalia and Greek anguish This week on Hidden Brain, we revisit a favorite episode exploring what this culture means Jesse always wanted to fall in love. We lobby a neighbor to vote for our favored political candidate. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. This is Hidden Brain. BORODITSKY: So quite literally, to get past hello, you have to know which way you're heading. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. It's how we think about anything that's abstract, that's beyond our physical senses. Maybe they like the same kinds of food, or enjoy the same hobbies. Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, by Harry Reis, Edward P. Lemay Jr, and Catrin Finkenauer, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2017. We call this language Gumbuzi. So we've done a lot of studies looking at how speakers of Spanish and German and Russian actually think about objects that have opposite grammatical genders. All episodes of Hidden Brain - Chartable VEDANTAM: Lera Boroditsky is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #10: (Speaking Russian). L. Gable, et. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not. This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how th, We all exert pressure on each other in ways small and profound. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. How else would you do it? And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. Persuasion: Part 1 - Transcripts People do need to be taught what the socially acceptable forms are. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. How big are the differences that we're talking about, and how big do you think the implications are for the way we see the world? So even if I'm speaking English, the distinctions that I've learned in speaking Russian, for example, are still active in my mind to some extent, but they're more active if I'm actually speaking Russian. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #8: (Speaking Italian). ROB LOWE: (As Chris Traeger) Dr. Harris, you are literally the meanest person I have ever met. al (Eds. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. If you liked . But actually, that's exactly how people in those communities come to stay oriented - is that they learn it, (laughter) right? Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting. BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. And it's not just about how we think about time. Follow on Apple, Google or Spotify. You know, I was trying to stay oriented because people were treating me like I was pretty stupid for not being oriented, and that hurt.
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